Prevalence Of Hypertension And Quantitative Assessment Of Its Risk Factors Among Resident In An Area Of Anhui Province

Objective To understand the prevalence rate and distribution characteristics ofhypertension, to analyze and make quantity appraise of the risk factors for hypertension,to build model for assessing the risk of hypertension quantitatively, and to lay thefoundation for predicting the risk of hypertension for individuals in an area of Anhuiprovince, meanwhile, we may provide quantitative targets in the prevention and controlof hypertension.Methods A cross-sectional survey were carried out among5090community residentsfrom September to November in2011, with the method of multi-stage cluster randomsampling. Describe the change of the prevalence rate of hypertension under differenthousehold type, the number of family, family monthly income per capita, gender, age,occupational type, marital status, educational level, smoking, drinking, exercise,sedentary time per day, the intake of vegetables, fruits, dairy consumption, smokedproducts consumption, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio and salt intake.971cases and3655controls aged over18years were chosen from residents in thisarea with case-control study. The selected sample was divided into modeling sampleand verification sample in a ratio of7:3. Single factor logistic regression andMultifactor stepwise logistic regression were carried out in modeling sample, then theodds ratios of risk factors for hypertension were worked out. By using a statisticalmodel, different levels of risk factors would be converted into risk scores, and then therelated risk scores were added to obtain a combined risk score. Then assessed the predictable performance of the established hypertension risk model, with theROC(Receiver Operator Characteristic curve).Results The prevalence rate of hypertension were21.0%, with22.8%and19.2%among men and women in this area, respectively, and with the growth of age, theprevalence rate showed increased trend. Single factor logistic regression analysisshowed that hypertension may be associated with the following factors, including: male,elder, lower cultural level, high salt diet, excessive drinking, high BMI, high WHR,family size were two or less, lower family per capita income. By sex, logistic stepwiseregression showed hypertension was associated with the following factors. For men,6risk factors were included, which were elder, high BMI, high WHR, over-intake of salt,excessive drinking and less family size, the three leading risk factors (exclusion of age)were BMI≥28.0Kg/m2(OR=7.141), excessive drinking (OR=1.780) and over-intake ofsalt (OR=1.719). Corresponding risk scores were3.121,1.342and1.532. For women,4risk factors were included, they were over-intake of salt, elder, excessive drinking, highBMI, the three leading risk factors (exclusion of age) were BMI≥28.0Kg/m2(OR=3.955), over-intake of salt (OR=1.722), excessive drinking (OR=1.665).Corresponding risk scores were2.183,1.562and1.444. In the models, the area under theROC curve and its95%CI were0.806(0.782,0.831) and0.819(0.795,0.843); Whenusing the models in the verification sample, sensitivity and specificity were (0.793,0.655) in men and (0.797,0.713) in women.Conclusion The prevalence rate of hypertension in this area was lower than thenational average level, however, it was still not optimistic. Quantitative model for therisk of hypertension were built up based on population risk factors, which could be usedfor individuals to quantitatively assess their risk factors of hypertension and the risk ofhypertension, thus making self-assessment, self-monitoring and self-care more feasible. To get a better effect in the prevention of hypertension, individuals and health servicesshould based on quantitative goals and work together, health services should focus onthe main risks, meanwhile, individuals should change the bad way of life, enhance thediet concept of limitation of salt and alcohol and keep a good figure.