From Objectivist Paradigm To Revolutionary Subjectivity Discourse

In the early nineteen seventies, Negri started to think about how to rebuild the autonomy of therevolutionary body to resist the rule of capital in the capitalist production mode transformation background.He dug deeply into “the manuscript of Marx Economics (1857-1858)”(Grundrisse) in the ideologicalresources, tried to criticize objectivism paradigm and reconstructed the center position of politics-subjectivity in discourse of Marx economics, and then gave fresh vitality of the theory of Marx’s labor,labor force and class struggle in the current era. In a sense, Negri’s interpretation of the Grundrisse lays thepolitical ontology and political criticism theory methodology foundation, and becomes an importanttheoretical weapon to research and criticize of contemporary capitalist society.Negri’s interpretation of Grundrisse mainly Italy workers’ and independent movement, FranceMay storm and contemporary capitalist mode of production of post-Fordism transformation as thebackground, the Das Kapital and its related manuscripts in Renaissance Europe intellectual and Marx ofthe orthodox criticism as the theoretical background. Workers autonomist movement reality practice ofItaly was provided fertile soil for formation and the development of Autonomist Marxism; The Westernleftists was forced to confront workers class struggle reality because of May storm failure and reflected theinherent difficulties of radical politics, in order to sought to surpass orthodox leftist revolutionary practiceand political scene and understand Marx; The contemporary capitalist mode of production of post-Fordismtransformation was provided a practical new opportunity for the reflection of Marx’s labor theory, theoryof class as well as Communist and radical democracy as the core of the political revolution, Das Kapitaland related manuscripts was in the revival in European intellectual collision fiercely from many aspects to cause different radical ideas, so as to provide a new logical fulcrum for the latest changes of contemporarycapitalism and the trend of development, Structuralism Marxism and the Humanitarian Marxism criticizeand clean orthodox Marxism, then they became the objects what were discarded by Negri.Negri Based on the Grundrisse text group political interpretation, reveales deeply a logicalevolution from the realistic possibility to revolutionary subject. Seven notebooks is the core threadthroughout the Grundrisse, the fundamental aspects of performance for the class antagonism logic to crisismanifested in the form of workers as a whole and overall capitalist. From notebook I to IV and VIIelaborate collectively the substance in the production area. Negri analyses deeply money, value, surplusvalue, exploitation profit，in order to reveal the subject logic of class antagonism and deepen the possibilityfor revolutionary subjectivity. In the field of circulation, the circulation of capital and social capitalreproduction is in the notebook V and VI. Negri guided the theory of surplus value to class struggle theorybased on workers autonomist struggle. And through the social capital and the world market is discussedfurther, the possibility of capital in the production process of the revolution body is promoted to the realityof sufficient historical conditions and social basis, social worker is defined as the revolutionary body atlast.Negri also firmly seized the Grundrisse method logic, to reveal the revolutionary subjectivityfoundation. By restoring political-subjectivity logical priority, Negri recomposed reversely Marx’s“capital structure” theory and inverted capital and labor force relationship, finally, established workersclass independence “class structure” theory. Based on this, he further explained the determinate abstraction,the tendency, the criterion of practice, displacement and constitution of the four methods on the principleof political connotation and subjectivity foundation. The determinate abstraction presents as subjectivityaspiration and the process of intellective scientific understanding, provides the revolution body revealing a imputation element and the form of struggle. Based on subjectivity historical process is interpreted by themethod of the tendency. Method of the criterion of practice reconstructs dialectical materialism theory, andthen the revolutionary subjectivity logical deepens further. The principle of displacement and constitutionto construct the theory of surplus value as the axis of revolution theory, fully describes based on thesubjectivity replace and collective confrontation in the open space.In short, Negri reconstructs revolutionary subjectivity discourse through political interpretationof Grundrisse, gets rid of the homology of the logic of capital and labor, and bases on the political andsubjectivity to reconstruct historical materialism traditional framework, critiques orthodoxy Marx’sobjectivist paradigm, returns to Marx political image. He always emphasizes the subjectivity dimension ofMarx’s historical dialectics, insists and develops Marx’s labor and class struggle theory, constructssubjectivity what meet the requirements of revolution in modern times, independent, positive political,realizes the true meaning of human liberation. In essence, he is paranoid to the revolutionary discourse,accentuates excessively historical subjectivity and aspiration in the historical process, neglectscomparatively historical structure social relations and historical conditions which constraint fundamentally,ignores the process of historical development contradiction and universal laws of nature, which is full ofstrong Utopia is in the historical view, and in the logic orientation is closer to the traditional theories ofvoluntarism.