The Cognitive And Neural Mechanism Of Feedback On Dynamic Decision-Making

Decision confidence is one’s belief in the optimality or correctness of his decision, and humans often use it to adjust their decisions. It is a basic component of decision making and the single best predictor of whether the decision is correct or not. According to the Two-Stage Dynamic Signal Detection (TDSD), a judge does not simply shut down the information accumulation process after making a choice but continues to accumulate information to make a confidence rating. Thus, one’s confidence rating will presents a dynamic phenomenon. From the perspective on influence factors of decision confidence, many previous studies found that response feedback (RF) was a significant factor that related to the decision confidence, especially in the uncertain situation. In addition, Two-Stage Dynamic Signal Detection (TDSD) also suggests that the dynamic nature of decision confidence is not only related to the properties of information, but also related to the amount of information, and the time of when the information was accumulated. Hence, we created fuzzy situation and provided participants context feedback to explore the interaction influence of the quantity and the time sequence of feedback on the dynamic change of decision confidence from the cognitive perspective, and investigated the neural basis of individual differences of dynamic decision confidence by using Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) from the perspective of neural mechanisms.In study1, with a modification of the JAS (judge-advice-system) paradigm, we explored when different types of feedback accumulated simultaneously, how the the quantity of feedback information and the homogeneity of the information combination influenced the decision confidence. The results showed that:(1) the feedback information combination had a significant influence on individual’s decision confidence. When the information combination one received supported for his judgment, his confidence rating increased, and when the information against his judgment, his confidence decreased.(2) compared to support information, against information caused greater changes in confidence, which suggesting a negative effect in information taking.In study2, we modified the experiment paradigm in Huettel et al.(2005)"context stimuli-response cue-predict the next stimuli-feedback" to "stimuli-response-feedback-predict the confidence of the next stimuli" to explore when different types of feedback accumulated successively, how the quantity of feedback and the order of feedback be accumulated influenced the dynamic nature of decision confidence. The results revealed that the quantity and the order of different types of feedback interacted to influence one’s decision confidence. When the "Correct"/"wrong" RF ratio is3:1, the decision confidence was relatively more affected by the last feedback than the former three. This phenomenon may be due to the "surprising effect". When the "Correct"/"wrong" RF ratio is2:2, the decision confidence was relatively more affected by the latter two "wrong" RFs than the former two "correct" RFs, and this phenomenon may be caused by negative recency effect.In study3, the experiment paradigm and the produce was same as the study2.What the different is the RF sequence in study3was composed of different numbers of "Correct" RFs. We provided "Correct" RF one by one to explore the dynamic nature of decision confidence in the single type RFs sequence. And then we used Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) to investigate whether the spontaneous brain activity had been contributed to the differences of dynamic nature of decision confidence among individuals.The behavior results suggested that:(1) in the continuous "Correct" RFs sequence, individuals’decision confidence was growing continually with the "Correct" RF, but the growing speed was slower and slower.(2) after four times of Correct RF, individuals’decision confidence had reached the peak point.(3) The Resting-state FMRI results revealed that (1) the left superior parietal lobule, insula, right caudate and the left temporal lobe were the regions the representation of decision confidence.(2) the left superior parietal lobule and the anterior cingulate cortex functional connectivity, the superior parietal lobule and medial frontal gyrus functional connectivity and the right frontal lobe (szreho) activity were related to the individual differences of the degree of decision confidence changed. The functional connectivity of the left superior parietal lobule and the anterior cingulate cortex, and the left superior parietal lobule and postcentral gyrus, as well as the precentral gyrus (ALFF) activity were related to the individual differences of the decision confidence level.In conclusion, the properties of the feedback information, the quantity of feedback information and the time of feedback information was accumulated can interact to influence the dynamic nature of decision confidence. In addition, the individual differences of decision confidence also in relation to individuals’ spontaneous brain activity. The superior parietal lobule and the medial frontal gyrus functional connectivity was the common neural mechanism of the individual differences among the degree of decision confidence changed and the level of that.