Evolution Of Democratic Ideas In Constitutional Culture In Modern China

From1840to1948, one hundred years, the concept of democracy in China hasexperienced a gradual and tortuous evolution of the process. To the historical facts related tothe concept of democracy in modern China as a clue, by reading the relevant literature, booksand periodicals, study the evolution and practice of the modern concept of democracy. Theconcept of democracy to include the people’s sovereignty, equality for all peoples’ self-andother aspects of these elements in the evolution of the modern concept of democracy arereflected. This article is divided into nine sections discuss the concept of democracy in theevolution of modern China, the various parts of the history of time the succession relationshipbetween the evolution in the concept of democracy is a gradual improvement of relations.Keywords related to the concept of democracy, involved in various parts of the series sincethe evolution of the modern concept of democracy.Parts I and II: These two parts are discussed from the Opium War to the PreliminaryConstitutional Chinese people before the introduction of the concept of democracy and tounderstand the situation. Reform Movement of1898before the Western democraticconstitutional system, the people on the “democratic elections” and “power constraints” andother concepts have an initial understanding. The Reform Movement of1898Chinese peopletrying to establish in China a democratic constitutional system try it with “civil rights” as aguiding concept, the implementation of the New Deal to bring about democratic. ReformMovement of1898, Liang Qichao, Sun Yat-sen, the concept of democracy on the basis of theReform Movement of the concept has a greater depth, Liang Qichao to achieve democracywould have to ensure that “civil rights”, Sun Yat-sen proposed to create a “five-powerconstitution”,“the People’s autonomy “is an important condition for the establishment ofdemocracy.Parts III and IIV: the two parts of discourse to the Republic of the concept of democracyduring the preparatory constitutional recognition and practice. The preparation of theconstitutional process, the concept of “civil rights” and “elections” and “local autonomy” berecognized in law, although the preparatory constitutional failed people really enjoy theserights, but such behavior through legal recognition of the rights of the people, must the extentto mobilize the enthusiasm of the people’s political participation. The successful practice ofthe concept of democracy is the Republic of China, this historical stage, the content of the concept of democracy has been the recognition and real practice, the government promulgatedthe constitution and other activities, reflects the “popular sovereignty”,“freedom andequality” and “natural rights” and other democratic ideas.Parts V and VI: The two parts of analysis of the evolution of the May Fourth Movementto the Nanjing National Government before the concept of democracy. During the May FourthMovement, the development of the concept of democracy climax of this period the concept of“individualism” and “individual freedom” and “populist”. To save democracy fifty-four afterthe provincial autonomy movement, Sun Yat-sen after the May Fourth Movement “civilrights” a new understanding of “liberal” has become the main trends of this period theconcept of democracy.Parts VII.VIII and IX: the three parts discusses the evolution of the concept ofdemocracy before the war of liberation from the Nanjing National Government Period. Thesethree stages is a difficult period of development of the concept of democracy, constitutionaltheorists and training political commentator for the implementation of the implementation ofconstitutional or political tutelage “controversy”, the concept of “the people” and “the peopleof the constitutional movement”. The bankruptcy of the KMT’s “constitutional democracy”,declared the failure of modern China to pursue the establishment of a democratic system, thedissemination and practice of the concept of democracy has encountered a major setback. Thearticle the conclusion of modern China can not establish democracy, and proposed to establisha truly democratic system of China’s current and future outlook.