Research On The Features Of The Physical Form And Special Quality Of Athletes Of Different Sport Events In Jiangsu Province

Objective: The indicators of the physical form and special qualityof the athletes of track and field, swimming, wrestling andtrampoline in Jiangsu Province is tested to establish the databasefor the physical form of the athletes and obtain the relevant features.Method: Through literature review and discussions of the experts,it sets up the test indicator system for the physical form and specialquality of the athletes of track and field, swimming, wrestling andtrampoline in Jiangsu Province and collects the information aboutthe age, technical hierarchy and training period of130athletes.The features of all special form and quality is obtained through datacollection by means of scientific approach.Results:(1) Trackster’s Physical Form: the fast project athlete’sheight, Quetelet index are higher than the endurance athletes. Thebetter of the fast project athletes, ankle/achilles tendon indexare smaller. Endurance athletes represent chest width larger,Achilles tendon. The special quality of tracksters: Sprinters’400mand standing long jump records are better than that ofmiddle-distance race athletes. Walkers’flexibility is better. Themale sprinters’technical level is higher, the60m,200m,150m,300mrun records are better. The female sprinters’technical level ishigher, the30m,150m, standing long jump, sit-and-reach scores arehiger. The male middle-distance race athletes’technical level ishigher, the800m and1500m records are better. The femalemiddle-distance race athletes’technical level is higher, the1500m,1000m and sit-and-reach scores are better. The malewalkers’technical level is higher, the10km race walking,1minsit-ups,30s push-ups records are better. The femalewalkers’technical level is higher, the3200m race walking,400m,30s push-ups scores are better.(2) Swimmers’Physical Form: the swimmers represent tall and largeform, wide shoulder, wild chest, narrow hip. Fast swimming athletes’Quetelet index is higher than endurance swimming athletes. Fastswimming athletes foreleg are longer. Female athletes’sittingheight, chest circumference difference in respiratory are higher andfeet are larger. The special quality of swimmers: the outstandingmen’s group’s500m freestyle, throwing solid ball,1minutessitup-and-touch, ankle plantar flexion, shoulder turn records are better than general group. The outstanding women’s group’s1500mfreestyle, throwing solid ball,1minutes situp-and-touch, ankleplantar flexion, shoulder turn test scores are better than generalgroup. The main factors and weight of male swimming athletes of theirquality index are speed and strength (0.27), upper body strength（0.27）, speed-endurance (0.17), flexibility (0.15), abdominalstrength (0.15). The main factors and weight of female swimmingathletes of their quality index are strength of lower limbs (0.32),speed-endurance (0.23), flexibility (0.15), shoulder joint activity(0.15), endurance (0.14).(3) Men’s wrestling athletes’Physical Form: the player representa wider shoulder and chest, narrow hip, higher sitting height, largerbody circumference characteristics. Special qualities: theoutstanding male wrestlers’100m,30s clapping pushups,30s sit-up,horizontal pull, squat squat, arms, and15s cloth chest tests resultsare better than general athletes. The main factors and weight ofquality index are power (0.37), endurance (0.25), flexibility (0.15),upper body strength(0.11), strength of lower limbs (0.11).(4) Trampoline athletes’Physical Form: the players representsmaller body circumference, longer legs, Achilles tendon, wider feet.Special qualities: the outstanding male trampoline athletes’highlevel30s hanging leg raise,400m, standing long jump test resultsare better than general athletes. The main factors and weight of maletrampoline athletes are waist and abdomen and leg strength (0.46),abdominal and back strength (0.30), flexibility (0.23). Theoutstanding female trampoline athletes’100m, standing long jumpand30s situp-and-touch tests results are better than generalathletes; The main factors and weight of female trampoline athletesare abdominal and leg strength (0.43), flexibility (0.34), lumbarabdominal strength (0.23).Conclusion: The athletes of all sports events display differentphysical form characteristics. In comparison with the previousresults, this research shares the similar trend. Athletes ofpeed-focused sports events shall pay attention to their developmentand training of speed and strength; athletes of endurance-orientedsports events shall attach more importance to the development oftheir stamina; swimmers shall give prominence to the development oftheir strength, flexibility and stamina; wrestlers shall concentratethe development of their absolute strength, speed and stamina and trampoline players shall care more about the development of coremuscle, muscular strength in the leg as well as the flexibility.