A School Aid Study On Public Higher Education During Period Of The National Government

With the development of China’s new higher education in late Qing Dynasty and Beiyang Government, all tended to be mature and stable in school system, discipline, school management and operation in Nanjing National Government. Meanwhile, school aid, as an important part of higher education, was affected by various factors and changed a lot. A holistic study on public higher education will help to reach a better understanding of the existence of school aid in this period, and enrich acknowledgement of higher education through a research of the reason of school aid changes, of the law of its development, and of the interaction and implementation effect of all its expects.This thesis consists of4chapters, totaling50,000words. Chapter1mainly explores school aid traces in late Qing Dynasty and Beiyang Government dating back to its history before1927, which provides background support for research of that in Nanjing National Government. Chapter2discusses the exploration of public higher education school aid from1927to1937, at the time of which school aid by central government began to start, aid measures completed itself within local government with various actions taken in schools. Apart from all this, local government played a major role during this period. In chapter3, school aid of public higher education in Anti-Japanese War period is mainly explored. Systems of gold loan and public expense were more influential at that time, both of which were of many flaws for their tiredness from turbulence, misery and chaos. With a clue of public expense system turning to scholarship system, chapter4mainly studies the adjustment of school aid, including its reason, process and consequences.The holistic study on school aid of public higher education will help us to find out that school aid by central government developed step by step from nothing and adjusted gradually as the political situation changed, paying attention to both scholarship and poverty aid to try to maintain education equity. At the same time, school aid by local government dominated before war, took fewer measures during war, and revived after war, all were closely related to both the situation then and actions taken by central government, and made up for the deficiency of central school aid. School was the executive of school aid by central and local government, and subject of implementation of some aid measures. Central government, local government and schools adjusted their actions in school aid based on specific circumstances, correlated in implementation, co-affecting the development and changes of public higher education school aid. Moreover, affected by social situation, school aid exerted a direct or indirect social influence after implementation in return. Not only did school aid promote education development and equity, but also directly affected social stability, even National Government foundation because of improper implementation.