Effects Of Extreme Climatic Factors On Spatial Distribution Of Habitat Vegetation In Yunnan Province

Global climate change is one of the most serious environmental problems in today’s world, it will not only lead to the extinction of ecological response of endangered species, can also cause ecological effects of different levels. Climate change leads to vegetation distribution change, which caused by natural habitats is the most immediate threat to wildlife conservation currently, particularly the special nature of mountain ecosystems, resulting in greatly reduced habitat for native species which caused by the extinction of species. On the one hand, climate change goes through the average impact on biodiversity, climate change, on the other hand, through the impact of extreme weather events on biodiversity, the current study mainly focus on the mean climate changes on biodiversity research, extreme weather events for biodiversity is circumscribed, according to the physiological and ecological characteristics of the species, the impact of frost, accumulated, and other extreme climatic factors on the growth of vegetation is relatively large. Therefore, this paper as the ecology theoretical guidance,using of geographic information system(GIS) as a research support platform, based on the past and future climate scenarios,prediction data from the National Meteorological Information Center, analyze the trends of the extreme climatic factors, and based on the analysis, analyzing the potential distribution and variation trends of the Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys under the extreme climatic conditions.The main results are as follows:(1)This article the final choice of the future climate scenario data is CSIRO_MK3.5 the SARS A2, it both shows the minimum valuewith the variance and variation coefficient.(2)The extreme temperature trends are basically through the 99% confidence level test, high reliability, and the more significant trends, past and future years annual variation rate is high; none of extreme precipitation factor by 90% of the reliability test, to some extent, its trend was not significant, the past and the future rate of annual variation is small; the final selection by 99% confidence degree test, do not repeat the same type of vegetation distribution which plays an important limiting indicators, select climatic factorsnot onlyinclude the mean change in climate(average temperature tav, average precipitation pav), but also the extreme climatic factors(warm day threshold txq90, frost days tnfd, growing tgsl).(3)The average temperature, warm sun and altitude threshold regression coefficient for-0.0073989; frost days and altitude regression coefficient 0.0811239; growth and altitude regression coefficient-0.0031693; daily precipitation intensity and altitude( 3700 m below) regression coefficient of 0.000373, daily precipitation intensity and altitude(3700m above) regression coefficient of-0.0002533. The average temperature in the study area, warm day threshold, growing past and future spatial distribution of the south than in the north of the overall distribution trends roughly; frost days was low overall distribution trend from north to south; daily precipitation intensity from 1981 to 2010, which presents north little but south more of the spatial distribution of 2100, decreasing trend from north to south, precipitation was irregular in the spatial.(4)The most suitable distribution of habitat vegetation are the average temperatures, warm day threshold, frost days, growing, five daily precipitation intensity of extreme climatic factors have a certain relevance. In the study area, from 1981 to 2010, when the average temperature of-2.1 ~ 10.5 ℃, warm day threshold of 17.5 ~ 22.36 ℃, frost days for 113 to 190 days, the growing season is 162 to 269 days, daily precipitation intensity 1.8 ~ 3.17 mm range of environmental factors, the most suitable habitat for vegetation optimum range of environmental factors, the most suitable habitat vegetation raster is highest proportion in total.(5)By comparing the potential distribution of vegetation, the most suitable habitat potential distribution under climatic conditions(1981~2010 years), as well as future climate conditions(2071~2100 years) under the following results: under the present climatic conditions, the most suitable habitat vegetation actual distribution is consistent with the distribution trends of potential distribution area, but the area of potential distribution is significantly increasing, the potential distribution area is 7.34 ×105ha; under future climate conditions, the northern part of the study area is the most suitable habitat vegetation which extension to east-west direction middle east, it seems like the north retreat south, an area of stability 57.95%, 3.06% decrease; in the whole study area, the future climate conditions are the most suitable habitat vegetation than under current climatic conditions are the most suitable habitat vegetation potential distribution area is reduced. However, the uneven distribution of changes in the region, an area of increasing the area mainly concentrated in the north and central west regions, reducing the area of the region is mainly concentrated in the southern and central south, northern southerly regions. Extreme climate change brings the most suitable habitat potential distribution of vegetation change, the most suitable distribution of habitat vegetation transfer to higher altitudes and high latitudes, and this change may cause changes in habitat quality of the Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys.