Liquefaction Of Bamboo By Using Modified Solid Superacid As Catalyst

In recent years, the situation of world energy crisis is not optimistic. As the population surges and the rapid economic growth, resources are deficient day by day, bringing on severe deteriorate to the earth environment. Especially the gradual depletion of fossil fuels and energy competition is increasingly fierce, people desire for new energy and green environment is becoming more and more strong. There are many different kinds of biomass resources in China, it’s widely distributed and a large number. The direct liquefaction of biomass is an effective method and one of the large-scale use of biomass.Bamboo is an important non-wood fiber raw materials. It is of shorter growing duration and easy to survive. In this paper, using Phyllostachys pubescens as raw materials, using modified solid super acid as catalyst and filtrating different alcohol solutions as solvent. Analyzing the lanthanum contents, dipping sulfuric acid concentration, dipping time and calcination temperature on the influence of catalyst preparation. Discussing the modified procedure of solid super acid catalytic liquefaction of Phyllostachys pubescens.The experiments showed that 4% lanthanum elements doping amount,1.2mol/L dipping acid concentration,3h acid dipping time and 550℃ calcination temperature were the best preparation conditions of solid super acid SO42-/ZrO2-La2O3. Characterization of catalysis performance showed that the preparation of the catalyst has good activity and stability by the conditions. It can be continuous used of more than five times.Infrared characterization of SO42-/ZrO2-La2O3 showed that this catalyst was solid super acid. It had more numbers of super acid center, stronger surface activity and the structure of bridge type double coordination. The XRD spectra of catalyst showed that ZrO2 was tetragonal(T crystal phase), the average grain size of ZrO2 was 40.4nm belong to nano-sized catalyst which calculated by Scherrer formula. The TG showed that the desorption of water absorbability of catalyst was from room temperature to 200℃, the desorption of sulfate was from 400 to 800℃. The BET showed that specific surface area and average pore size were large makes for the process of gas-liquid mass transfer.The liquefaction of Phyllostachys pubescens carried out in the stainless steel autoclave using the solid acid as the catalyst and the ethylene glycol as the solvent. The results of liquefaction showed the optimum reaction temperature was 250℃, the catalyst dosage was 8%, the ratio of material to solvent was 1:12.5, response time was 3.5h were better. The liquefaction ratio was 93.48% by using these conditions. The average liquefaction rate was 93.44% showed the process under these conditions was accurate and reliable by three times stability tests. Solid super acid SO42-ZrO2-La2O3 displayed well catalytic effective in the liquefaction reaction for Phyllostachys pubescens after liquefied five times.The analysis by different characterization methods confirmed that the gaseous products of Phyllostachys pubescens liquefaction were H2, CO, CO2 and CH4, the liquid products were mainly compounds contain oxygen, such as acid, phenol, esters, alcohols, ketones, aldehydes and so on. The IR analysis of solid products confirmed that cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin reacted almost completely.