Determination Of Antibiotics In Shanghai And The Study Of Its Environmental Behavior

Antibiotics used extensively could enter into the environment finally, which has been one of emerging contaminants and become the new research subject. Antibiotics generally flow into the environmental waters thoμght the effluent of wastewater treatment plant which can not remove the antibiotics completely and cause the antibiotics contamination in the environmental waters. In the paper, water samples were collected thoμght five wastewater treatment plant of Shanghai and the Huangpu River, for analyzing the pollution level in Shanghai. Improved high-Performance liquid chromatograph-tandem mass spectrometry(HPLC-MS/MS) was developed in this paper, which was used to determined the six sorts of antibiotics(sulfonamides, fluoroquinolones, tetraeyeline, β-Lactams, chloroamphenicols and macrolides) in the waters from wastewater treatment plants and Huangpu River.Improved high-performance liquid chromatograph-tandem mass spectrometry(HPLC-MS/MS) was developed in this paper, which was used to determined the six sorts of antibiotics(sulfonamides, fluoroquinolones, tetraeyeline, β-Lactams, chloroamphenicols and macrolides). The antibiotics were extracted thoμght solid-phase extraction using the HLB column for extraction and purification of antibiotics. The recoveries(100ng/L) of sulfonamides, fluoroquinolones, tetraeyeline, β-Lactams, chloroamphenicols and macrolides in the waters were 88%-92%, 86-88%, 84%-89%, 85%-86%, 84%-88% and 81%-95%. The quantification limit were 0.48 ng/L-1.87 ng/L, 0.71 ng/L-1.71 ng/L, 1.34 ng/L-2.37 ng/L, 2.56 ng/L-4.80 ng/L, 0.55 ng/L-1.26 ng/L and 0.0048 ng/L-1.36 ng/L.The occurrence, fate and seasonal variation of 14 antibiotics from five wastewater treatment plants in winter and summer in Shanghai were investigated including two tetracyclines, three macrolides, two fluoroquinolones, three sulfonamides, two β-Lactams and two chloroamphenicols. Sulfamethazine, ofloxacin, and oxytetracycline were the predominant antibiotics in influent and in effluent. The concentration of sulfamethazine, ofloxacin, and oxytetracycline were 9.17 ng/L-959.13 ng/L, 156.15 ng/L-2307.87 ng/L, 0 ng/L-564.30 ng/L in the influent; and 7.37 ng/L-106.60 ng/L, 126.13 ng/L-2196.91 ng/L,0 ng/L-261.57 ng/L in the effluent. The elimination of antibiotics in the five WWTPs was generally incomplete and antibiotics behaved differently depending on the treatment process and seasons. Only sulfonamides were easy to be removed from the aquatic phase, and the UV Process shows high removal rate for macrolides.The occurrence of 14 antibiotics from Huangpu River in Shanghai were investigated for researching the pollution situation in the rivers of Shanghai. The concentration of detected antibiotics in the Huangpu River were at a higher level compared with other aquatic environments on a global scale, but were lower than the other detection in China. The results indicated the pollution situation of antibiotics in Shanghai were better than other areas in China, but still need to be paid attention. The concentration of sulfonamides detected in Huangpu River were 0 ng/L-53.90 ng/L, which were obviously higher than other antibiotics, reflecting the sulfonamides widely used in Shanghai.Hazard quotients(HQs) of antibiotics in the effluent of wastewater treatment plant and Huangpu River were calculated through the concentration of detected antibiotics for analyzing the ecological risk of antibiotics. In this research, most calculated HQs were less than 0.01 indicating very low risk. But the HQ of AMOX for Algae-EC was between 0.01 to 0.1 in the effluent showing low risk, and between 0.001 to 0.01 in the Huangpu River which need be focused.