Organic ultraviolet absorbents(UVAs), including ultraviolet(UV) filters and ultraviolet(UV) stabilizers, are a group of widely used chemicals that are able to absorb UVB(290nm~320nm) and UVA(320nm~400nm) and return to ground state rapidly through emitting the absorbed energy as thermal energy or other safe ways. UV filters are commonly used in in personal care products, such as sunscreens, to reduce harmful effects on skin caused by solar radiation. UV stabilizers are also applied in a variety of industrial products such as plastics, coating and building materials to prevent degradation of the products due to absorb UV radiations. UVAs could enter the environment via human activities, such as swimming, or through discharge of industrial waste water. UVAs have been found in a variety of environmental media, e.g, drinking water, surface water, and sediments. However, researvh involving bioaccumulation and biomagnification of UVAs, such as 2-ethylhexyl-2-cyano-3, 3-diphenylacrylate(OCR) and 2-ethylhexyl-4-methoxy cinnamate(EHMC), have been proved to exhibt endocrine and developmental toxicity. UVAs may pose threat to the the environment and ecosystems. Therefor, it is of significance to conduct the studies on UVAs bioaccumulation via food chains. In addition, these studies can also provide data support for the environmental risk evaluatuion of the investigated UVAs.In this study, we chose seven classes(covering thirteen kinds) of UVAs, which are commonly used in China as the target compounds. These investigated compounds included. 2-hydroxyl-4-methoxy benzophenone(BP-3), 2-hydroxy-4-(octyloxy) benzophenone(UV-531), avobenzone(AVO), 3-(4-methylbenzylidene) camphor(4-MBC), 2-ethylhexyl-2-cyano-3, 3-diphenylacrylate(OCR), 2-ethylhexyl 4-(dimethylamino) benzoate(ODPABA), 2-ethylhexyl-4-methoxy cinnamate(EHMC) and benzotriazole UV stabilizers including UV-P, UV-329, UV-326, UV-234, UV-328 and UV-327. Marine aquatic organisms including wild and farmed were collected form the Pearl River Estuary, South China. Preliminary investigation of the pollution level, bioaccumulation and biomagnification in wildlife and farmed organisms was performed. The main results of this study listed as follows:(1) Thirteen UVAs were detected in the marine wildlife organisms expect ODPABA. Total concentration of UVAs ranged from 48 to 596 ng/g lw. The concentration ratios of UVSs to UVAs were within the range from 70% to 95%. BP-3, 4-MBC, OCR, UV-531, UV-P, UV-329, UV-234, UV-328 and UV-327 were frequently detected(detectable rate ≥70%) with the concentration level of 0 to 50 ng/g lw, expect UV-531. UV-531 presented the highest concentration and its median and maximum concentrations were 202.53 ng/g lwand 294.63 ng/g lw, respective. The level of biota-sediment accumulation factors(BSAFs) for wildlife benthic organisms is within the range of 0-1.5, and only UV-531 exceeded 1. This indicted that UVAs could accumulate in organisms, on the other hand UVAs might be more prone to be adsorbed by sedmiments or metabolized in organisms which lead to the low BSAF numbers.(2) In this study, 24 species belong to three classes of osteichthyes, cephalopods and malacostraca were investigates. The total concentrations of UVAs in three classes were in the following order: osteichthyes(fish and eel)(141.59-596.31 ng/g lipid wt), cephalopodas(squid and cuttlefish)(108.98–113.23 ng/g lw lipid wt), crabs(48.09-259.63ng/g lipid wt) and shrimps(46.85- 205 ng/g lw lipid wt). Other than UV-531 and 4-MBC, concentrations of UVAs were generally higher in the detritus-feeded osteichthyes than in the non- detritus-feeded. The concentrations of UVAs were higher in carnivorous mantis shrimp(205ng/g lipid wt) than those in omnivorous sword prawn and kuruma prawn(46-52 ng/g lw), implying that feeding habit could contribute to UVAs accumulation in shrimps. On the other hand, habitat habits of the organisms did not lead to significant differences of the UVAs concentrations. In addition, the seasional differences of the UVAs concentrations in Harengula ovalis, Nibea albiflora, Parapenaeopsis hardwickii and Marsupenaeus japonicas and the gender difference in Parachaeturichthys polynema were insignificant.(3) The trophic magnification factors(TMFs) in wildlife organisms were range from 0.35 to 1.77, and only UV-531(1.71) and UV-329(1.27) were with the TMFs higher than 1. This observation suggested that UV-531 and UV-329 could present biomagnification.(4) Expect for ODPABA and UV-326, the rest of the UVAs were detected in the marine aquaculture organisms. Total concentrations of the detected UVAs ranged from 64 to 551 ng/g lw. The concentrations ratios of UVSs to UVAs were within the range 73.26% to 100%. BP-3, UV-531, UV-P, UV-329, UV-234, UV-328 and UV-327 were frequently detected over 70% of the investigated samples with the concentration level of 0 to 50 ng/g lw, expect for UV-531. UV-531 has the highest concentration and its median and maximum concentrations were 187.99 ng/g lwand 485.36 ng/g lw, respective. All the UVAs(except for UV-531 in some fish smaples) were in possession of higher concentrations in wildlife organisms than in the rest of the investigated organisms. Similar to UVAs, the concentrations of UVFs in wildlife organisms were evidently higher than those in other species.(5) Compare with the different tissues in the same sample with same breeding age, for low ages, the tissue distributions of UV-531, UV-P, UV-329, UV-328 and UV-327 in the lower-age organisms complied with the following concentration order:liver >belly > filet, indicting these chemicals were more liable to be accumulated in the tissue containing more lipids. In contrary, the distribution order was reversed in higher age organisms, suggesting the metabolism in liver tissue. The decreasing trend of concentration in liver tissue from different age groups also showed this conlusion. |