| Orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck)is a high-quality fruit which contains many kinds ofnutrients that are necessary for human health. At present, China’s consumption patterns ofCitrus sinensis Osbeck are fresh orange and juice processing. However, the research on theusage of the peel is far from enough. The large number of pomace is not only a waste ofresource but also a important source of the environmental pollution. Therefore, this paperextracted essential oil and hesperidin from Gannan naval orange peel. This provides bases forfurther process.1.Hydrodistillation (HD), simultaneous distillation extraction (SDE) and headspacesolid phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME) were used to extract the volatile components inGannan naval orange peel, and the chemical compositions were analyzed by retention index(RI) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). It’s the first time to analysis andcompare the similarities and differences between the volatile components by three differentmethods, and to have an evaluation of the three different methods. There were41compoundsin essential oil extracted by HD,39compounds in volatile oil extracted by SDE,48compounds in volatile components extracted by HS-SPME, most of them were alcohols andalkenes, and terpene take the most part. Limonene was the main component of volatile oil,essential oil, and volatile components. The other components of volatile oil and essential oilwere similar. Therefore, differences in compounds varieties and contents between volatilecomponents and volatile oil, essential oil were relatively large. Although the extraction ofhigh boiling compounds were less effective, the short processing time of HS-SPME stillmade it an apposite method to extract the volatile components of orange peel. HD took a longtime, and the long oxidation time would over-oxidase the oxidized material. There were lesslow boiling substances in volatile components extracted by SDE, but all the representativeingredients in volatile compounds of orange peel could be well extracted. Aftercomprehensive consideration, combining HS-SPME and SDE can get a comprehensiveanalysis of volatile compounds of orange peel.In addition, the method of the extraction of orange peel were optimized, the obtain rateand sensory quality of the volatile oil were compared. The optimalextraction conditions foressential oil extracted by HD were orange peel beating processing, solvent to solid ration was1:2.5(g/mL), lasted for120min, the obtain rate of essential oil was3.15％. The optimalextraction conditions for essential oil extracted by SDE were: orange peel beating processing,solvent to solid ration was1:2.0(g/mL), lasted for180min, the obtain rate of essential oilwas3.47％. Due to the sensory quality of the essential oil extraced by HD was better, choosehydrodistillation as the appropriate method to extract Gannan naval orange essential oil.2.Used enzyme-ultrasound assisted method to extract flavonoids from Gannan navelorange peel. The optimum technological conditions were as follow: amount of enzyme (m(cellulose):m (pectinase)=2:1) was0.92%, enzymatic hydrolysis time was2.5h, enzymatichydrolysis temperature was50℃, enzymatic hydrolysis pH was4.5, ultrasonic power was 255.6W, time of ultrasonic-assisted extraction was22min, temperature of ultrasonic-assistedextraction was60℃,and liquid-to-solid ratio was1:39(g/mL). In optimal process,the yield oftotal flavonoids was11.71%.The yield of flavonoids was higher than the yields by ethanolextraction(7.71%)，the ultrasound-assisted extraction(10.78%) and the enzyme hydrolysisextraction(10.32%).3. The AB-8macroporous resin was used to pure the flavonoids extracted from Gannannaval orange peel. The optimum technological conditions were as follow:120ml pretreatedAB-8macroporous resin enclosed into φ25×500mm resin column, the concentration of feedwas1.00mg/mL, flow rate of feed was2BV/h until saturation adsorption. Firstly used4BVdeionized water to swash the resin column to get rid of water-soluble impurity, secondly used4BV10%ethyl alcohol to swash the resin column to get rid of low-concentratedalcohol-soluble impurity, then used7BV70%ethyl alcohol to swash the resin column to getrid of high-concentrated alcohol-soluble impurity. Gather the eluent, vacuum concentrationand finally get the purified hesperidin at the purity of92.60%. |
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