| Objectives: Limited and lack of health resources as well asunreasonable distribution become the most important questions whichhinder the development of global health services. The distribution of healthresources is not reasonable, while redundancy and deficiency exist at thesame time in China. Therefore, to allocate the health resources fairly and toimprove the efficiency of health resource allocation has become theprimary concern of health reform. According to the present research, wemade a comprehensive evaluation on fairness and efficiency of healthresources allocation based on the analyzing of the above in Chongqing.Revealing the present situation and the change trend of the fairness andefficient of the health resources in Chongqing. On the one hand, to providereferences for improving the utilization of health resource, and to optimizethe allocation of health resource, on the other hand, to make the developingplan of regional health, and to promote the sustainable development ofhealth in Chongqing.Methods: Excel2007，SAS9.2and DEAP2.1were applied in thisresearch. Descriptive analysis, Gini coefficient, Theil index and data envelopment analysis were used in process of data analysis.Results:Firstly, the basic information of the household register populationand the health resources allocation in ChongqingIn recent years, the health resources grew rapidly. Cutoff2012, therewere184055health works in health human resources, containing131658health technical personnel which occupied71.53%of total health personnelin2012. In terms of ownership per thousands population, there were1.55licensed (assistant) physicians (the following were called doctors for short)and1.49registered nurses (the following were called nurses for short). Onthe other hand, from the prospective of square kilometers, there were1.60health technical personnel,0.63licensed (assistant) physicians and0.60registered nurses. The proportion of doctors and nurses was1:0.96. Inhealth material resources, the number of health institutions which excludedvillage health room was7319. In other words, there were2.19healthinstitutions per million people. The average five-year growth rate of healthinstitution was3.96%. There were130813beds, which mean3.91beds perthousand population and1.59beds per square kilometers. The number of Blarge medical equipments was218, which valued1444.34million. In healthfinancial resources, the allocations were5.65billion, in which hospitalsaccounted for15.09%, primary health care sector owned33.70%, publichealth occupied40.54%. The health resources mainly concentrated in the urban functional core area and development area in Chongqing. Thenumber of health resources per thousands population was very low amongthe10western provinces.Secondly, the fairness of health resources allocation in ChongqingThe Gini coefficients by population distribution of health technicalpersonnel and doctor were under0.3, beds fluctuated between0.23and0.34, nurse was less than0.4since2010. According to the geographical, theGini coefficients were above0.5. The Gini coefficient of urban functionalarea was bigger than the new area, the northeast and the southeast. TheGini coefficients by population of all areas in bed, health technicalpersonnel, doctor and nurse were under0.4. While the Gini coefficients bygeographical of urban functional area in bed, health technical personnel,doctor and nurse were above0.5, the ones of the new area, the northeastand the southeast in bed, health technical personnel and doctor were lessthan0.4. The Gini coefficient of nurse in the northeast was above0.4,meanwhile under0.4in the new area and the southeast. The Theil indexwas consistent with the trend of the Gini coefficient. Whether it configuredby population or geographical, inter-regional differences in the contributionto the total Theil index were higher than the differences within regions.Thirdly, the efficient of health resources allocation in ChongqingThere were4relatively efficient DMUs and1weak efficient DMU inhealth resources allocation of health institutions in the nine main-city area, while the health resource allocation effective rate (percentage of therelative efficient DMUs and the weakly efficient DMUs occupy the totalDMUs) was21%in the29non-main-city area. The health resourceallocation effective rate was33.33%in18municipal hospitals. In themain-city, the relatively efficient DMUs were3and the weak efficientDMUs were3. The health resource allocation effective rate of townshiphospital was35%in the29non-main-city area. In recent years, the overallefficiency of the health resources allocation continuously improved inChongqing, and achieved the DEA relatively active state in2011.Conclusions: The health resources have increased year by year inChongqing, but the capita was at the low level. The shortage and unevendistribution coexisted in per capita resource. The fairness of healthresources by population was better than the ones by geographical. It wasshort of nurses and the fairness was poor. The total relative efficiency ofhealth resources allocation was lacking, and the differences among regionsshown significantly. The health resources allocation efficiency in themain-city was higher than the non-main-city. |
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