| Epidemic disaster happened every year during the republican period and the frequency as high as 100%.The interannual fluctuation is huge and complex in shanxi and gansu provinces,sharply changing in shaanxi, but stablely in ningxia.On the seasonal distribution, the total struck is given priority to spring. Struck county is mainly occurred in summer. Epidemic was mainly occurred in summer of shanxi and shaanxi provinces,spring of gansu and winter.of ningxia.From the republic of China early, mid and later times, epidemic disease of county has the characteristics of "stability in the spring and winter, summer and autumn waved"; From the point of long-term trend, the decade index line overall is stable after rose slightly in shanxi, shaanxi,gansu and ningxia provinces.For the Spatial distribution in the provincial scale.the Shanxi Province has the highest epidemic frequency,followed by gansu and shaanxi, ningxia,for the scope of epdemic, ningxia province is more than shaanxi, gansu,shanxi is the lowest coverage. At county scale, with the exception of 9 counties outside the plague disaster did not occur during the period of the republic of China,other county has struck. On the epidemic species distribution,cholera is one of the most widely epidemic areas, shaanxi, shanxi is the hotspots of cholera and mainly distributed in the coast of river.Typhoid fever are widely distributed with shanxi and gansu provinces are major disease areas.The distribution of plague presents the characteristics of the from northeast to southwest,shanxi, shaanxi, gansu provinces as the main plague area.Smallpox mainly distributed in gansu and Shanxi Province.Diphtheria in the eastern is relatively sparse,northwest of intensive, gansu province, ningxia province is the key area of diphtheria.Diarrhea mainly distributed in shanxi, shaanxi and gansu provinces.The distribution of Scarlet is in gansu province, Jin typhus distribution is characterized by dense northern, southern sparse, mainly distributed in shanxi and gansu.shaanxi is the main pathogenesis of malaria and epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis.Gansu and shaanxi provinces are the majior distribution of Relapsing. Kala-azar occurred more frequently in gansu Province.The health system is controled by the police management in the period Of Beiyang government(1912-1912) just as the qing dynasty,and provincial health administration system was set up after the national government (1928),but mainly controled by the department of management.Public health institutionsMainly related to environmental health, food hygiene and health system for physicians, and the management of the medical system.Public health Institutions is Consists of the army and the local health administrative in Revolutionary base and the liberated areas.In the early of the republic of China,the hospital are mostly established by the church, a small amount of public and specialized subject hospital was appeared until the later.Public health and epidemic prevention agencies was established under the epidemic disease disaster happens or policies to guideThe epidemic has great impact on the public health system, and fully exposed the government’s inability to organize and folk unable to resist the phenomenon of disease at the beginning of the republic of China, the governent organization, leadership increases resistance to the epidemic as well as civil society, prevention activities increased,in later period of the republic of China,and it is in the process of constant impact and response, the public health system gradually established,perfected and to fight the epidemic strongly.The epidemic prevention system developed during the period of the republic of China, involving the special,administration, transportation,environment and school prevention. the superstitious custom is gradually reducing but still exists, and part of the festival epidemic prevention is popular in nowadays.scientific prevention measures and thoughts gradually accepted by people with the good effects. |
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