| Passiflora edulis is the tropical fruit that belongs to the family of Passifloraceae. Passiflora edulis rinds are the main by-products of juice processing. Anthocyanins are the important active ingrediants and natural pigments. By using the 1% hydrochloric acid ethanol and AB-8 macroporus resin, Passiflora edulis anthocyanins extract was obtained. The anthocyanins content of the anthocyanins extract was measured by HPLC and the composition was characterized by UPLC/Q-TOF-MS. Moreover, the DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays were used to evaluate the antioxidant activities of anthocyanins extract in vitro. KBr O3 induced oxidative stress kidney damage mice model was established and the content of the serum Cr, serum BUN, renal MDA and renal XOD were measured to evaluate the antioxidant activity of anthocyanins extract in vivo. As a result, five kinds of anthocyanins were identified. Among them were cyanidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-rutinoside, pelargonidin-3-glucoside, peonidin-3-glucoside and cyanindin-3-(6"-malonyl)-glucoside. Cyanindin-3-rutinoside and peonidin-3-glucoside were firstly found in the rind of Passiflora edulis. Cyanidin-3-glucoside was the main anthocyanins and the content was 14.523%. The content of total anthocyanins in the extract was 16.617% expressed as cyanidin-3-glucoside. The antioxidant experiments in vitro showed that the DPPH scavenging activity and ABTS scavenging activity were BHT <the anthocyanins extract <Vc. KBr O3 caused oxidant stress kidney damage mice model was established after 9 h. Treatment with Passiflora edulis anthocyanins extract could reduce the content of Cr, BUN, MDA and XOD.The animal experiment showed that the anthocyanins extract had the mitigative effects against KBr O3 induced kidney damage by means of improving the oxidative stress state in body. These results may provide the theoretical basis for the development and application of Passiflora edulis anthocyanins.Harbin sausage is Chinese traditional meat food and it is famous for many years because of the bright color, rich fragrance and delicious taste. In this study, the peptides were extracted by isopropanol defatting, water extraction and alcohol precipitation. The content of peptides was determined by O-phthaldialdehyde spectrophotometric assay. Response surface methodology(RSM) was applied to evaluate the effects of independent factors(extraction time, liquid/solid ratio, ethanol/water ratio and extraction temperature) on the peptides content. The optimal extraction conditions were obtained at extraction time of 4 h, a liquid/solid ratio of 13:1, a ethanol/water ratio 3:1 and the extraction temperature of 46℃. Under these conditions, the content of peptides was 1.038±0.051%. Compared with BHT, the antioxidant activities in vitro were evaluated comprehensively by six different assays(DPPH radical scavenging assay, ABTS radical scavenging assay, hydroxyl radical scavenging assay, superoxide anion assay, Fe2+ chelating assay and lipid peroxidation inhibition assay). The peptides extract exhibited potential antioxidant activities but was not comparable to BHT. The peptides were separated with DAC and RP-HPLC. The peptides with highest antioxidant activities were identified by UPLC/Q-TOF-MS. The sequences of five peptides were respectively identified as Tyr-Cys-Val-Gly-Pro(YCVGP, 537.2 Da), Tyr-Gly-Ser(YGS, 325.2 Da), Ser-Lys/GIn-Ala(SKA/SQA, 304.3 Da), His-Ser-Val-Tyr(HSVY, 504.3 Da). The antioxidant activities of five peptides were evaluated using five methods. Among these peptides, YCVGP has the strongest free radical scavenging activities and the Fe2+ chelating capacity of HSVY was the best. |
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