Identification And Control Of Occupational Hazards In Underground Manganese Mines In Xiushan Area

Manganese is widely used in steel making, alloy manufacturing, battery production, electronic products and other industries, and plays an important role in industrial production. The source of manganese is mainly through the exploitation of manganese ore smelting. There are various occupational hazards in the process of underground mining manganese mines. Chongqing region is the main production base of manganese ore in China, which has proven reserves of up to 50 million tons. At present, the region has all kinds of manganese ore production enterprises more than 50, more than 20 thousand people. With the expansion of the scale of mining, the extension of time, the problem of occupational hazards in the process of manganese mining is becoming more and more serious. Acute occupational poisoning can occur in the mining process of manganese ore, and chronic occupational diseases such as pneumoconiosis, occupational chronic manganese poisoning and so on. In recent years, the number of diagnosis of pneumoconiosis in Chongqing manganese mining workers increased year by year, in order to ensure the sustainable development of the manganese mining industry, to protect the health of the workers to carry out the research of this topic.In this paper, the field survey method was used to identify the risk factors of occupational hazards in the process of mining; using the method of detection and inspection to analyse of occupational disease risk factors; combining with the relevant norms and theoretical knowledge to control measures. The control of dust is based on mine ventilation. A manganese Xiushan area as an example, using the numerical simulation method, the geometry modeling software Gambit and the computational fluid dynamics software Fluent to research the flow field distribution and dust movement law of tunneling roadway, and then discuss the local ventilation mode of the mine and the driving working face.In view of the above research content, the research results are as follows:(1)Identifying and analyzing the main occupational hazard factors in the process of the exploitation of manganese ore. The chemical harmful factors in the mining process of manganese ore include: silicon dust, welding fume, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, manganese and its inorganic compounds, diesel oil and so on; physical factors include: noise, vibration, hand power frequency electric field, high temperature, welding arc etc.(2)To master the degree of occupational hazards in the mining process of manganese ore and the main problems existing in the research and control measures. The use of field survey, testing and inspection of occupational disease hazard factors for detection and analysis, and then put forward effective measures to control the occupational disease risk factors.Silicon dust, manganese and its inorganic compounds, noise, and hand transmitted vibration test values exceeded the occupational exposure limit. In view of the excessive occupational disease hazard factor from the comprehensive management measure, the project control technology two aspects launches the discussion and focus on dust control of the special control measures.(3)The calculation method of ventilation in the mining process of manganese ore is put forward. In an ore in Xiushan area as an example, the manganese mine ventilation status is analysed, the mine air volume is calculated, the result is 1263.1m3/min.(4)To simulate the flow field and the dust movement in the tunneling. The results showed that when the fored ventilation velocity are 10m/s, there are vortex air, the wind are 0.0025~0.59m/s, and then sustained dust can not reach Lane crossing position. When the fored ventilation velocity are 12m/s, there are free vortex, the wind are 0.0026~0.85m/s, and then sustained dust can reach Lane crossing position. The mixed ventilation mode for the fored ventilation velocity are 10m/s and the exhaust ventilation velocity are 12m/s. There are free vortex, the wind are 0.805 ~ 1.61m/s, and then sustained dust can reach Lane crossing position. Through the comparison, the mixed ventilation not only can satisfy the mine wind speed, but also can achieve the effect of dust removal.The research shows that: at present, the occupational disease risk factors such as silicon dust, manganese and inorganic compounds in the mining industry are seriously overweight, and enterprises should take effective measures to prevent and control occupational disease hazards. The control of dust should start from mine ventilation, numerical simulation technology can effectively reflect the movement of dust, and can provide theoretical support for the prevention and control of dust, to provide decision-making basis for mine ventilation.