Histological Profile And Risk Factor Analysis Of Colonic Polyp: Distal Villous Type Is Common Predictor Of High Grade Cytological Dysplasia

Background-Colonic polyp appertain to a excrescence into the lumen from the surface of intestinal mucosa. These polyps are usually classified as neoplastic, hyperplastic and inflammatory polyp. Adenomatous polyps are mostly dysplastic and have malignant potential. Near about all colorectal carcinomas arise from adenomas but a smaller number of adenoma may turn into cancer. Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide and also one of the leading causes of mortality in western countries. The main target of our study is to evaluate the profile of polyp and compare degree of dysplasia by patient’s age, sex, site of polyp, number of polyp and histological type.Methods and Materials-It is a single centered, retrospective study.88 adult patients who had at least one neoplastic adenoma found during colonoscopy within 2009 to 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients who were less than 18 years old, with family history of colon cancer with family history of polyposis syndrome, with history of colonic resection and with IBD are excluded. Moreover, patients who already had colon cancer and whose pathological reports were not found are also excluded. We carried out our statistical analysis using SPSS 21 software.Result-88 patients with adenomatous polyp are selected where 62 (70.5%) are male and 26 (29.6%) are female. Age range was in between 31-81 where mean age was 60.2. Among them 56 (63.6%) patients had single polyp and 32 (36.4%) had multiple colon polyp. Most of the patients 58 (65.9%) left sided adenoma and 30 (34.1%) patient had right sided adenoma. The commonest histological type was tubular adenoma 55 (62.5%) followed by tubulovillous 28 (31.8%) and villous adenoma 5 (5.7%).29 (33%) patients adenoma showed mild dysplasia while 14 (15.9%) had adenoma with mild to moderate dysplasia. In addition,25 (28.4%) patients with adenomas had moderate grade and 11 (12.5%) had moderate to severe and 9 (10.2%) had severe degree of dysplasia.Conclusion-Distal polyp and villous histological typa are more associated with high grade of dysplasia. Degree of dysplasia increased with age but showed weak association and there is no relationship between number of polyp and sex of the patients.