| Improvement of living standards has changed people’s diet and eating habits, excessive intake of high fat foods causes hyperlipidemia, causing cardiovascular disease, the major diseases that threaten human health in recent decades. High incidence, high morbidity, high mortality and high recurrence rate make cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease the primary harmful factor to human health. Clinic lipid-lowering drugs currently used are mainly synthetic statins, high prices and side effects push researchers to focus on natural lipid-lowering products. Kinds of lipid-lowering traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) vary, but unclear active ingredients and unknown mechanisms become the major bottlenecks in the development of lipid-lowering medicines. Lipid-lowering medicine research and development still face problems such as no strict quality control standards, irrepeatable efficacy and outdated preparation processes. Thus it is necessary to combine modern biotechnologies and TCMs in research and development of new natural lipid-lowering products.A Monacolin K yielding red yeast strain M2 was separated from a red yeast rice product and was determined by morphological and molecular identification as Monascus purpureus.To get a new lipid-lowering product that combines the advantages of lipid-lowering TCMs and strain drugs. Solid-state fermentation was studied using medicinal and edible TCMs as media components, Monacolin K yielding monascus M2 as strain and Monacolin K yielding as measurement. Solid-state fermentation was optimized by single factor and orthogonal test. Suitable solid fermentation medium contained rice:Crataegi Fructus: Alismatis Rhizoma:Cassiae Semen 6:2:1:1, MgSO40.3%, KH2PO40.3%, NaN030.4%, glycerol 3%, yeast extract 3%, peptone 4%, medium pH 4.0, with Monacolin K yielding of 2.820mg/g, increasing 23.68% compared with that before optimization (2.280mg/g). The optimal fermentation conditions contained 100g/500mL flask bottling capacity, material thickness 2.5cm, seed age 48h,10% inoculation volume, incubating at 30℃, breaking up the medium on the second day, adding 24% sterile water (V/m) on the third day, cooling to 25℃ and culturing to 18 days in total, Monacolin K yielding was up to 5.127mg/g, increasing 124.80% compared with that before optimization of medium.Qualitative and quantitative analysis were conducted of the product via thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), fermentation product of medicines contained more components compared with that without TCMs, content of main active ingredients such as ursolic acid,2,3-acetyl alisol-B, rhubarb and emodinether were increased separately by 232.7%,173.7%,767.6% and 888.4%.Animal experiments were conducted to explore the lipid-lowering effect of the fermentation product on hyperlipidemic rats. Inhibition test results showed that 4 weeks’ continuous oral administration could regulate the TC, TG, LDL-C levels significantly lower (p＜0.01) and HDL-C level significantly increased (p<0.05) compared to the model group. In treatment test, TC, HDL-C index of red yeast rice group was significantly lower (p＜0.05), while HDL-C and TG with no significant effect (p>0.05) compared with the model group; TC, TG, LDL-C levels of positive control group and fermentation product group were significantly regulated lower (p＜0.01) and HDL-C level significantly increased (p＜0.05).In this study, a Monacolin K yielding monascus M2 was screened in the laboratory, solid-state fermentation was studied using medicinal and edible TCMs as media components, qualitative and quantitative analysis were conducted of the product via TLC and HPLC, lipid-lowering effect of the product was tested through animal experiment. Active ingredients of TCMs were released into the products after fermentation and contents of lipid-lowering active ingredients were improved significantly, new active ingredients were also noticed. Product of lipid-lowering TCMs treated by solid-state fermentation with M2 could effectively inhibit the formation of foodborne hyperlipidemia, as well as control and regulate hyperlipidemia. Therefore, the lipid-lowering TCMs fermentation process obtained in this experimental study has some practical value. |
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