| Research background and objectiveIn recent years, with the increasing prevalence of diabetes, cerebrovascular complicationsof diabetesincreased.Diabetes caused severe central nervous system complications, caused cerebral damage, mainly for small blood vessels in the brain and large vascular lesions, generated the corresponding clinical symptoms and imaging features. With rapid development of neuroimaging technology, neuroimaging methods widely used, small cerebral vascular disease (cerebral small vascular diseases, CSVD) was found in great quantities, small brain vascular disease diagnosis standard also gradually came to expert consensus. Among them, definite causesof cerebral small vascular disease had found, the main risk factors were age and hypertension.Butdiabetes as a risk factor of cerebral small vessel damage and its pathological mechanism had few research reports. This paper probed intodiabetic cerebral vessel disease imaging characteristics in patients with brain magnetic sensitive Weighted Imaging (Susceptibility Weighted Imaging, SWI), expected to provide theoretical basis for the diagnosis,prevention and treatment, further to improve the understanding of the disease by clinical doctor and to try to improve motivation of controling related risk factors, to reduce the incidence and mortality of cerebral small vessel disease.Research methodsBulid medical records questionnaires,retrospect and make analysis of a total of 867 cases with small vesssl disease from neurology department of Qianfoshan hospital in shandong province since October 1,2010 since October 1,2015.Select 30 patients suffering from diabetes with cerebral SWI imaging, and detail the clinical data and cerebral SWI imaging data. Choosematched non-diabetic cerebral small vessel disease patients 30 cases as a control group, make an analysis of medical records and SWI imaging data in the two group patients, make statistical analysis.ResultsAfter demographics match analysis, patients’ average age, sex ratio, level of education (age), smoking history of the two groups were no obvious differenc es(P>0.05).The blood biochemical indexes of two groups of patients, including serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, serum triglycerides, creatinine and urea were no obvious differences(P>0.05), blood sugar, glycosyla ted hemoglobin in patients with diabetes was obviously higher than that patient s without diabetes (P<0.05). Two groups of patients with co-current diseases su ch as hypertension,hypercholesterolemia,transient ischemic attack (Transient ische mic attack, TIA), stroke etc.were no significant statistical differences(P>0.05), with Mini-Mental State Examination (Mini-Mental State Examination, MMSE), heavier degree of cognitive dysfunction in patients with diabetes mellitus group (P<0.05). Microbleedings in craniocerebral SWI of two groups of patients sho wed typical punctate low signal, mainly distributed in the cortex, under cortex, basal ganglia, thalamus, etc. The number of microbleedings in patients with di abetes mellitus group was obviously more than non-diabetic patients (P<0.05),th e number of small blood vessels in the brain of patients with diabetes decrease d significantly compared with non-diabetic patients(P<0.05).ConclusionCerebral small vessel disease in patients with diabetes were more likely to have cognitive dysfunction. Craniocerebral SWI image showed that micro vasc ular hemorrhage in diabetic cerebral small vesseldisease occurs in the cerebral cortex,under cortex,basal ganglia, thalamus etc.Cerebral microbleeds in diabetic small vessel diseaseobviously increased,and the number of small blood vessels i-n the braindramatically reduced according to cerebral SWI image.ObjectiveAs one of independent risk factors of small brain vessel disease,diabetes can cause serious brain damage. Diabetes can lead to clearance obstaclesof amyloid in the brain, leading to an increased level of amyloid in the brain, resulting in brain deposition and neurons damage and vascular lesions. The sugar metabolic state of diabetes can start the oxidative stress reaction in brain,resulting in tissue inflammation levels increasing, cause the blood brain barrier function is impaired, further promote the amyloid deposition in the brain. But the pathological types of amyloid in diabetic brain haven’t cleared.Therefore, to explore hyperglycemia induced inflammation process in the brain, to understanding the pathogenesis of diabetes brain injury is of great significance. For this purpose, our topic is to observate the expression of Aβ1-40 and ApoE in diabetes rats, and preliminary to discuss whether it participate in the development of the brain tissue damage of diabetes. To research the role of course of the disease, age of diabetes rats in the influence of Aβ1-40 and ApoE expression; To research the expression correlation between Aβ1-40 and ApoE in the 2 diabetes rats.Methods(1)High fat diet combined with small dose of STZ induced diabetic rats were adopted as Experiment groups divided into 2 groups according to the course of disease:3 months diabetes mellitus rats and 6 months diabetes mellitusrats(n=15,3MDM;n=15,6MDM). Healthy Wistar rats were adpoted as control groups divided 2 groups according to age:3 months rats and 6 months rats(n=15,3MDM;n=15,6MDM). (2)The quantity and features of Aβ1-40 and ApoE expression in different rat’s brains were detected by immunohistochemistry.(3)RT-PCR and western blotting were used to detect the mRNA and protein level of ApoE in each group.(4)Using GraphPad Prism 5 software for statistical analysis, all the data to indicate, multiple sets of data comparison using single factor analysis of variance, group and compares the difference between two sample t test, correlation take Person correlation analysis, a=0.05 for the inspection level:difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).Results(1) The expression of Aβ1-40 in each group rats:Aβ1-40 expressed in capillary walls andaround the capillaries,speculated that there were two kinds of pathological types,depostion in blood vessels (Capillary CAA) and depostion aroud blood vessels(perivascular Aβ-deposition).3MDM group compared with 3M group,6MDM rats compared with 6M, Aβ1-40 expression in brain tissue were significantly increased (P<0.05).6M compared with and 3M group,6MDM compared with 3MDM group,Aβ1-40 expression in brain tissue were significantly increased (P<0.05). (2)The expression of ApoE in each group rats:3MDM group compared with 3M group,6 MDM rats compared with 6M group the deposition of ApoE in brain tissue were significantly increased (P<0.05),6M group compared with 3M group,6 MDM group compared with 3 MDM group the expression of ApoE in brain tissue were significantly increased (P<0.05).(3)On the level of mRNA and protein,3MDM group compared with 3M group,6MDM compared with 6M group, the relative expression of ApoE in rats brain had obvious differences(P<0.05),6M group compared with 3M group,6MDM group compared with 3MDM group,the relative expression of ApoE in brain tissue were significantly different(P<0.05).(4)By the Person correlation analysis in different rats brain, Aβ1-40 was positively correlated with ApoE (r=0.9741,P<0.05).Conclusion(1) In type 2 diabetes,Aβ1-40 expressed in cerebrovascular walls and around cerebrovascular walls,speculated that there were two types of Aβdeposition in the cerebrovascular vessels of diabetic rats:deposition in blood vessels (Capillary CAA) and depostion aroud blood vessels(perivascular Aβ-deposition). (2) Type 2 diabetes can promote the expression of Aβ1-40 in rat brain tissues, along with the age growth and the progress of the duration of diabetes, the expression of Aβ1-40 increased. (3) Type 2 diabetes can promote the expression of ApoE in rat brain tissues, along with the age growth and the progress of the duration of diabetes, the expression of ApoE increased. (4) With the increase of age and diabetes duration, the deposition of Aβ1-40 and ApoE in brain were increased, the correlation of themwas positive. |
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