| Musical emotion refers to the individual emotion reaction evoked by music stimuli. Music clue consistency model holds that the available communication between auditors and music depends on the consistency of music symbols between auditors and creators. The appearance of musical emotion relies on the clue characteristic in the creation, the characteristic in playing, the characteristic of auditor and the circumstance of listening to music. These factors make music emotion become complicated and uncontrollable. Basis on the complex structure of music and the correlations between music and emotion, the purpose of the present study was to explore whether individual with various personality traits in different situation would show different emotion reactions. The present study also investigated the influence of music valence and choice on music emotion, the change of music emotion in the disturbance or concentration situation and the possible interaction between the change and music factors. The present research also paid attention to the personality factors, but did not focus on special personality factor, instead, focused on the factor which may influence music emotion. The research included a preliminary experiment and two music emotion experiments, collecting the data of self-evaluation, physiology and personality questionnaire.In preliminary experiment,40pieces of music in list and20randomly pieces of music in which half was positive and rest was negative were chosen. Each piece of music was long as60s and the loudness, frequency and bit rate were balanced. The familiarity and love of music in list was significantly higher than that of randomly music. The valence of positive music was higher than that of negative music. There was no significant difference between the arousal of materials. These suggest that the materials used in the present study could be distinguished by valence, the control of music choice was available and the extra factor of arousal was under control. The materials were chosen randomly from net music list or music bank, which could avoid the preference of experimenter.In a2×2factorial design, we manipulated music choice (self-chosen vs. randomly sampled) and music valence (positive vs. negative). Experiment1investigated the influence of music valence and music choice on music emotion, in which the dependent variables were the emotional intensity of participants and the physical indicator arouse in the process of listening. The results show that (1) the love and familiarity of optional music was significant higher than that of randomly music;(2) positive music evoked more intensive emotion than negative music, optional music evoked more intensive emotion than randomly music and there is interaction between them, which was supported by physical data;(3) the correlations between extraversion, nervosity, openness and emotion intensity were positive, negative and positive separately, which were consistent with the previous study and implies that the correlations between music emotion and personality were regularly.In a2×2×2factorial design, we manipulated music choice (self-chosen vs. randomly sampled)、 music valence (positive vs. negative) and circumstance(disturbance vs. concentration).The design of experiment2was2(music valence)x2(music choice)×2(circumstance). Compared with experiment1, circumstance were involved in experiment2, which investigate the influence of valence, choice and circumstance on music emotion and their interaction. The data of experiment1were defined as concentration group, because disturbance factor was excluded in experiment1, while the data of experiment2were defined as disturbance group. The disturbance of experiment2was that participants were asked to pick out the capital "A" from many letters and report the number when they were listening to the music. And the procedure of experiment2was the same with experiment1. The results show that (1) the optional music evoked more intensive emotion than randomly music, which was supported by data of skin conductivity and heart rate;(2) the emotion in disturbance situation was more intensive than in concentration situation, which was supported by data of skin conductivity and heart rate;(3) the interaction between choice and circumstance was significant, the emotion was evoked more intensive by optional music in disturbance situation than in concentration situation, while the emotion was evoked more intensive by randomly music in concentration situation than in disturbance situation;(4) the correlation between personality and music valence which was found in experiment1was not significant in disturbance situation, which suggest that the correlation between personality and music emotion maybe effected by cognition disturbance.Taken together, the results imply that (1) music valence has significant influence on music emotion that the emotion of positive music was more intensive than that of negative music, which was available when the music was popular music;(2) the influence of music choice on music emotion was significant, the emotion evoked by optional choice was more intensive than that of randomly music;(3) the effect of circumstance on music emotion was significant, the emotion was significantly evoked in disturbance situation than in concentration situation;(4) the influence of music choice in two situations were opposite, the emotion evoked by optional music was more intensive in disturbance situation than in concentration situation, while the emotion evoked by randomly music was more intensive in concentration situation than in disturbance situation;(5) in concentration situation, the nervosity and extraversion were correlated with emotion valence, the correlation between openness and emotion extensity was significant. However, in disturbance situation, the correlations between nervosity, extraversion openness and valence were not significant, but the correlation between friendliness with music intensity was significant, which suggest that the correlation between personality and music emotion depends on circumstance.In a word, the innovation of the present study was that the difference between music materials and the degree of optional music was balanced, and the cognition disturbance was involved. The present study explored the difference between music was deemed as background of dairy life and listening carefully, which was helpful to recognize the possible difference of listening music in different circumstance and with various choice. Moreover, the present research enriches the relevant field of cognition and emotion. |
PDF Full Text Request