Study On Xiangyue Of Xunhua Subprefecture Of Gansu Province During The Qing Dynasty

As an autonomous organization in grass-roots society, Xiangyue began in Song dynasty and thrived in Ming and Qing dynasty. After the rebellion of Lob Tsangdanjin, who was the Mongolian nobility in Qinghai, Qing dynasty began to implement the state-building in Gansu Tibetan, so that Xiangyue of Xunhua subprefecture began. Xiangyue of Xunhua subprefecture carried out in the Han community and the so-called shufan during the years of Yongzheng Emperor. After the revolt of Su sishisan, Qian long Emperor strengthened existence of the dynasty in Xunhua subprefecture, which was the ethnic minority areas, the system of Xiangyue began in the salar, hui and other areas. After the uprising of Hui in the years of Tongzhi Emperor, the Xiangyue system of Xunhua subprefecture developed to the climax. The Tibetan, the Hui and the Han established generally the organization of Xiangyue, which was more diversified on setting mode and personnel composition and expanded gradually on the scope and the number of Xiangyue. It is noted that the setting mode of Xiangyue in Xunhua subprefecture was mainly based on the original social grass-root organizations, and the original tribal chief, Masjid’s Akhond or village leader were appointed as Xiangyue, whose half office role mixed with its original social structure in Qing dynasty. During the Qing dynasty, the trendency of administerization of Xunhua subprefecture’s Xiangyue had increasingly significant and this suggests that Qing dynasty gradually strengthened the social control in minority grass-roots areas. The marginality of society, the diversity of ethnic groups and the diversification of culture, which led to different characteristics in the system of Xiangyue with the mainland society. At the beginning of the set of Xunhua subprefecture’s Xiangyue, which was endowed with strong administrative functions, In addition, the judicial and religious function were more outstanding, especially in mediated tribal disputes, civil disputes, maintained social order and the stability of border areas, which played an indispensable role in such social and political fields. The combination of Xunhua subprefecture’s Xiangyue and local social structure manifests as the infiltration and integration of enlightenment function and religious functions to a certain extent. The combination of State-building construction and local social structure, national political cultural construction and local religious culture, ethnic culture, provided guarantee for Qing dynasty adopts the system of Xiangyue in Xunhua subprefecture. Therefore, it can be said that the implementation of Xiangyue in Xunhua subprefecture is a successful attempt for Qing dynasty to manage the northwest minority region, to strengthen the control and governance of northwest frontier area and promote the sinking and extension of state power.