The Study Of Anti-Utopian Thoughts Of Bulgakov

Anti-utopian literature, evolving from utopian literature, is regarded as a satiric simulation of the previous one. Contrary to utopianism, which depicts a fulfill and harmonious society and inspires us to achieve this goal, anti-utopian literature shows us a different world.It aims to remind people that if we attach more importance on rationality than the objective laws, impose personal willingness on history, pursue fantasy other than reality, and ignore the fact that human beings should be the ultimate concern, things would go athwart. What’s more, once nationalities, countries, or regimes take advantage of the spirit of utopia, manifesting on the appeal of some intellectuals frequently, and promote it as a realistic policy, it might transfer to national utopianism and lost its original connotation。 From the beginning of Bulgakov’s writing career, he advocated anti-utopian obviously, and his magic realism writings were distinctive and amazing. Undoubtedly, his hard-headed thinking made him stand out from mainstream literature. Mikhail was influenced by the anti-utopian fiction of the West and Russia at the same time. Except for implying the generality of anti-utopian fiction—criticism to political monism, totalitarianism and absolute rationalism, his novel also had his own characteristics. He emphasized the role of intellectuals and believed that we could improve the current situation by our efforts. This paper uses three chapters to elaborate the spirituality and connotation of Bulgakov’s anti-utopian thoughts. Part one analyzes the role of exposure and criticism of world in Mikhail’s fiction. It reveals Bulgakov’s viewpoints in three facets:writing techniques of magic realism, the opinion of intellectuals, the relationship between country and individual. The middle chapter manifests the early warning function beyond reality of the spirit of anti-utopian in his novel from three aspects:absolute rationalism, various problems exposed in the process of revolution and the power of intellectuals. The third part fully discusses the impact of Bulgakov’s anti-utopian on the rational return.