Study Of The Verb Used As Words Of Orientation In Chinese Dialect

With the deepening of the dialect research, academic circles found many distinctive language phenomenons in Chinese dialects. The research objects of this article "verb used as directional words" language phenomenon not only distinctive in itself, but also has the characteristics of dialect area. Academic circles have not system comprehensive study it currently. Through the questionnaire survey and data query method, we found "verb used as directional words" phenomenon mainly exist in mandarin area. The writing of this paper mainly refer to Zhao Yuanren’s the Huber dialect survey report and guidance of Peking University professor guoray outstanding master’s graduation thesis "the phenomenon of Chinese word tendency verbs used as direction of movement of the method". First, We have Investigate the seven points’language facts about verb used as directional words. Second, adopt the method of static description and analysis to detailed describe those seven points’s basic language facts.Then, we analysis of this language phenomenon from the angles of semantic and syntactic.At last, we have compare the language materials of the seven point.The full text is divided into five parts:The first part, introduction, put forward the research object,summarize relevant research results of this language phenomenon. Clarify the significance and the research ideas of this study, explains the research methods in this paper.The scope of this study is to investigate 8 main verbs (过,回,进,出,拢,开,起,下) used as a directional words in LAN Yin Mandarin, Southwest Mandarin, Zhongyuan Mandarin in the territory of Ginsu, and on this basis, to found other verbs having this kind of usage in those dialects.We chose seven points which the verb used as directional words phenomenon more generally to investigate detailly, the seven points are Yin Wu, Jincheng, chuanqian, xishu, Yunnan, huguang, longzhong.The second part is static describe the seven points’language materials from the investigation. According to the results of the survey, yinwu and jincheng exist seven verbs which could used as directional words,these 7 verbs are " 过,回, 进,出,开, 起,下", the related elements of these words in this two points are not the same. Chuanqian and xishu exist 8 verbs which could used as directional words, these 8 verbs are "过,回, 进,出,拢,开,起,下", but the dynamic correlation factors having its Unique various features; yunnan exist 5 verbs which could used as directional words, these 5 verbs are "回,拢,开,起,下"; huguang exist 5 verbs which could used as directional words, these 5 verbs are " 回,进,出,起,下"; longzhong exist 6 verbs which could used as directional words, these 5 verbs are "过,回,进,出,起,下 "The third part summarizes the basic characteristics of the 8 words from two angles of semantics and grammar. In the aspect of semantic content, first provides an overview of each of the words and the semantic category, and then analysis and summarize the overall semantic feature. The meaning of this words can analysis from two aspects: Consistent with trends of static orientation; Representation of a dynamic tendency, tendency of behavior from a position or state to another location or status. In the aspect of grammar features, In the combination of ability, in front of these words are temporal and spatial prepositions. The most common of these prepositions is "往, 朝"; The back of these words can pick the monosyllabic verb and its related changes in form; In the syntactic function, these words act as the object of the preposition, and the Prepositional Structure act as adverbial in a sentence.The fourth part from the two angles of lexeme and the core content related situations before and after the verb in order to carried out a comparative study on each survey point. Chuanqian, sishu, yinwu, jincheng, longzhong which located in the North West have more verb used as directional words than Huguenot and Yunnan which located in south east. In the composite form of the word, "过, 回,进,出,下" and "来, 去" can make up Compound form, "拢,起" can composed with "来" "开" can’ t composed with "来,去 ".We made a classification study on the verbs which after the 8 directional verb words, these verbs mostly belongs to the specific physical space range; part of the verbs also belongs to the abstract space limits.