A Study On The Shu State Of Ming Dynasty

The enfeoffment system is an important content to the ancient political system of Chinese history, the enfeoffment system of the Ming Dynasty is an important part of the whole system of Ming Dynasty. Study the enfeoffment system of Ming Dynasty not only understand the needs of the development of the whole society in Ming Dynasty, but also provides an important perspective of local society. The second year of Hongwu(1369), Zhu Yuanzhang made the system of feudal Kings and enforcement it after one year. In the eleventh year of Hongwu(1378),prince ZhuChun was blocked as the king of Shu, and he took office in Chengdu of Sichuan in the twenty-thid year of Hongwu,then the family of Shu guard Sichuan for over two hundred years,through ten generations and thirteen princes,accompanied by the Ming Dynasty from start to finish.The politics, economy, culture and social life of Sichuan especially in Chengdu area are deeply marked by the family of the seigniors in Shu.About Zhu Yuanzhang built system of enfeoffment, the author thinks that it has four aspects: first, for reasons of stable northern border; Second, the mistrust of the warrior heroes. Third, imitation Han Gaozu Liu Bang who walk from bottom to top too; Fourthly, summarizes historical experience and get the conclusions. To make a general survey of the system of enfeoffment in the Ming Dynasty,it can be divided into three stages, namely before "War of Jingnan";after the war,there is a reform of the system of suzerain vassal until period of Jiajing,Longqing and Wanli;from the reform to the end of Ming Dynasty.The kings of Shu has different performance in each stage, of which this paper place emphases on the first stage, the king of Shu take part in local governance actively; In the second stage, because of the policy of "ban vassal states", the Shu Fan was cut three guards, after that,they become increasingly corrupt, and became the parasitic class who can not pay attention to the economy of people.Some talents of Shu complain that there is no way for them to advance.The Shu Fan place profound impact on society of Sichuan. Economically speaking, the huge amount of salary of vassal state, construction and repairing of the palace and tombs, vast area of manor and the invasion of business tax in Chengdu area,which has brought great pressure on local finance in Sichuan, and leads to local tax reduction.Meanwhile,the encroach on the survival rights and interests of farmers, and lead them lose their land, which brought serious unrest to the local stability in Sichuan area. From the local social order, the Shu Fan not only brought promote aspect, but damage aspect, and the promote aspect is the major.The Shu Fan engendered a series of wise monarchs,especially the first generation Zhuchun who is kindness and good,take part in protecting religious,reining in children strictly,participating in local governance actively,and had made outstanding contributions in promoting the local economic,social and cultural development of Sichuan at the beginning of Ming,who also made a model for future generations.Under the system of "ban vassal states",the followed kings of Shu become positive for cultural creation,especially in terms of block printing,which had gotten remarkable achievements, and prompted the development of local culture and education and the formation of good academic atmosphere. Even if kings of Shu are the most wise and able in the Ming Dynasty, but still can’t get rid of the defects of system,and they have a variety of forms of friction and collision with the local society,characterized by struggle to the throne of kings of Shu, kings of Shu against the rules, conflicts between Shu and palace officials,the contradiction between Shu and Sichuan local officials and internal struggle and crime in Huayang palace,especially the infighting of Huayang palace,which brought bad influence in districts of Hunan and Hubei and Lizhou.