The Interaction Between The Court And The Populace In The Tide Of The Constitutional Movement

After the Russo-Japanese War,the constitutional requirements started to rise in domestic, under the multi-party interaction of constitutionalists, governors and pivot ministers, the Qing court dispatch five ministers go abroad for investigation, as a result,the Qing court announced, "Imitating Constitutionalism".Under this situation, various political forces at home and abroad joint interaction, contributed to the establishment of the Preliminary Constitutional Consortia.The members of the Preliminary Constitutional Consortia are relatively prestigious and powerful elites, including officers, gentries, businessmen and learned men. Because the support of Cen Chunxuan and the active activities of Zheng Xiaoxu, Zheng Xiaoxu was elected President of the Preliminary Constitutional Consortia and dominant the affairs of the Consortia. Zheng Xiaoxu is interested in theoretical discussions, however Zhang Jian think that "Rather than saying, not as good as everyone putting into practice,this condition lead to the controversy of "main urgently or main slowly" inside the Consortia. In DingWei political tide, Zheng Xiaoxu vacillated between Cen Chunxuan and Duan Fang,however,with the downfall of Cen Chunxuan and the estrangement of DuanFang,Zheng Xiaoxu considered enterprising hopeless and feel dispirited,reduced the enthusiasm for he Preliminary Constitutional that he ever see as the ladder of promotion, gradually quit the activities of the Consortia.The Preliminary Constitutional Consortia did a lot of works, for that "gentries and people can know national affairs, to prepare for the constitutional foundation", mainly divided into three aspects.Firstly, revitalizing agriculture, industry and business,to prepare for the constitutional foundation, basing on the acquaintance of the government and the constitutionalist that how to prepare for constitutionalism and the interests of the Preliminary Constitutional Consortia members, the Preliminary Constitutional Consortia take an active part in the establishment of farmers’ Consortias, the formation of the Hanyehping company and the formulation of commercial law.Secondly, propagandizing constituent enlightenment,to cultivate qualified constituent national.Preliminary Constitutionalism Consortia was established issue "Newspaper of Preparatory Council for Constitutionalism " in 1908 to enlighten the people and promote the constitutional. meanwhile, the Preliminary Constitutionalism Consortia also published a large number of constitutional books, popular in domestic and overseas. In August 1908, the Qing government promulgated the imperial Edict of nine preparatory constitutional and attaching the nine preparatory list to plan constitutional process, according to this,the "Newspaper of Preparatory Council for Constitutionalism" change style, study preparations for constitutional affairs at the instance of the order of the nine preparatory list,and take over the institute of School of Law and Politics, from theoretical publicity to talents training.Thirdly, participating in the Congress petition movement, to urge the qing court convene Congress faster. Convening Congress is one important goal of the constitutionalists. The Preparatory Constitutional Consortian is one of the major sponsors and participants in the Congress petition movement, played a important role in the movement. The Preparatory Constitutional Consortian concerned about the Congress problem following the current situation, from philosophical studies to practice activities, from jointing Shanghai group and drafting parliamentarism draft to responding to the call of the constitutional assembly,and eventually participate in the Congress petition movement, urging the qing court convene Congress faster.