The Literary Fiction In The Speech Act Theory Perspective

Literary fiction issue is a fundamental question of literary studies, and literary theory as basic subject in the field of literature, which should be concerned with it.The imitation on ancient Greek times believes that literature is an imitation of reality, and totally negates the independence of literary fiction. In modern times, Kant and Schiller try to through the discussion of literary aesthetics to make it get rid of the embarrassment which means literature attached to reality. Formalism literary theory of the twentieth century directly makes literature equivalent to the literary, and separates literature from the outside world, in order to maintain the purity and independence of literary fiction. In the perspective speech act theory, the biggest drawback of traditional studies is that they always treat literary fiction as a static end product, in the lack of a dynamic perspective.The speech act theory was established by Austin. Its key point shows that language is performative, which means we do something when we say something. But Austin holds that the literary language is pointless and invalid, so he excludes it from his research. The heritor of speech act theory, Searle and Miller make a supplement to this point, which considers literary language is also performative language and writing is basically illocutionary.Speech act theory in literary fiction is an application of speech act theory in literature. It focuses on the literary language and thinks literary fiction rather a construction of possible worlds than a reflection of reality. It makes the research shift from implication to the illocutionary force. Literature does not need to get the meaning from the reference to reality. It completes self-construction by continuous generation and interaction.Interpreting Robinson Crusoe with speech act theory means the core is neither the reality of details in literature nor the power relations behind the words. It pays attention to the constructive and conversational of literary language and focuses on how to do things with words in a specific text.