Study Of Left-behind Experienced College Students’ Mental Health Status And Its Influencing Factor

Background:Since the 1980 s, the development of society and economy is increasing rapidly with China’s reform and opening up. The development of each big city risesrapid growth of demand for labor. Corresponding to this rapid labor growth, large-scales population in ruralmove to to cities. However, restricted by the conditions of the rural family itself, most of the next generation of rural labors are forced to stay at home, those children left at home gradually became a special group-left-behind children. Along with our country national economy and the rapid development of urbanization, industrialization, the growth of left-behind children has become a trend that unable to ease temporarily..In May 2013, the All-China Women’s Federation has released a report name the left-behind children in rural areas, urban and rural China mobile research report on the situation of children, in the report, they pointed out that there were 61,025,500 left-behind children in our country,37.7% of the all the rural children, accounted for 21.88% of the national children. Compared to the data in 2008, the number of left-behind children in China have increased significantly. These data certainly caused the wide attention of scholars in different fields such as psychology, sociology.All sorts of problems rise with the emergence of the left-behind children, such a special group. According to the existed research of psychology experts, most of them pointed out that so many factors such as the absence of parents and the change of family structure, made left-behind children groups more likely to produce problems in psychology, behavior.However, it will be a long time to change the present situation of left-behind children, besides, left-behind children itself is a dynamic development group. Nowadays, left-behind children in the late 1980s and early 1990s has gradually grown up, some of themare smoothly entered the further education of colleges and universities, they became the important research objects of this article which are named "left-behind experienced college students".This group college students which through a special growth, and in such a special experience, what kind of events would they, had gone through? And what effects in their mental health would left to those events? All of this become the initial motivation of this study.In this study,in order to make more comprehensive and more authentic, the author will use two methods,the quantitative research and qualitative research, to explore the mental health and the factors affected their mental health of left-behind experienced college students.Object:In this study, through the combination of quantitative research and qualitative research methods, to realize the mental health of college students with left-behind experience, explore the factors and its mechanism which may affect their mental healthResearch objectivesThis study intends to adopt the combination of quantitative research and qualitative research methods, know who rear, the situation of the psychological health of college students to explore the factors which may affect their mental health and its mechanism of action.Part 1 Quantitative researchMethods and ObjectsThe freshmen in Southern Medical University, in Shunde city, are the main observed object, adopts the method of random sampling,1312 male and 2182 female students are included. Adopts questionnaire survey, the questionnaire is the admission survey to undergraduate freshman through the computer.3500 questionnaires were sent out and 3497 were retrieved. Eliminating invalid questionnaire, a total of 3494 valid questionnaires were adopted,99.91% effective.Then transform the results into database through spss13.0 statistical analysis method. Statistical methods included descriptive analysis, two independent sample t-test and regression analysis. The method about the basic situation of left-behind experience college students is descriptive analysis, and two independent samples t-test is used to compare left-behind or no left-behind experience college students’ mental health related items, and general linear regression is used to analyze the influential factors of mental health.This study on once left-behind students groups defined as follows:before the age of 16, both parents were migrant workers, and the length of time they worked outside was no less than five years, analysis the data,263 students were coincided. No left-behind college students that their parents were not migrant workers, accompanied with them around,1887 people meet the requirements.The research tool(1) The self-made general questionnaire, including:(1) social demographic indicators, such as age, gender, race, whether the one-child, grade, professional;(2) family condition, such as family residence, economic conditions, cultural degree, etc.(2) Measuring tools to once left-behind college students’mental health conditions, including: the situation of college students’mental health including anxiety depression self rating scale (SDS), self rating scale (SAS) and suicidal behavior questionnaire (SBQ-R) and life satisfaction scale, from the aspects of both negative and positive mental health of left-behind students’mental health status were assessed.(3) Evaluating tools to once left-behind college students’mental health factors, including the self-esteem scale, youth survival reason scale, family function scale, social support scale.Results(1)Results show us that the students groups with left-behind experience have got a high score in 13 items for instance "depression", "anxiety" "suicide risk" then no left-behind experience students, there is a significant difference (p<0.05).The college students with left-behind experience get significantly higher scores in the related variables, such as depression, anxiety, suicide risk, meanwhile they get lower scores in self-esteem, family functioning, life satisfaction, social support and exist reasons.(2)In mental health factors regression analysis, four indexes including self-esteem, family functioning, self-acceptance, subjective support were respectively into depression, anxiety, suicide risk, life satisfaction as dependent variable regression equation, so the four indicators of mental health have stronger prediction function.Part 2 Qualitative ResearchMethods and ObjectsThrough the way of giving out surveys, we select outl2 students as interviewees. In this study, the requirements to the respondents include age, under 18years old,, both parents working out, the time left-behind longer than 5 years. Semi-structured interviews and category analysis methods are adopted.Results(1) The most outstanding influence to college students psychological development with once left-behind experience is their emotion were not met. Their parents’ early leaving behind cut off the emotional connection, the emotional communication between them was almost blank.(2) The group during the period of they stayed home without parents, their answer for troubles and setbacks were different. Because of lacking of parental guidance, they tend to be more passive features such as "no".(3) When the left-behind students to live together with parents, the current status and their expectation were huge different, which made them feel close parent-child relationship was still a kind of hope, the characteristics of the parent-child relationship was still a lack of communication and exchanges, there was no emotional resonance.(4) Once left-behind experience makes college students not appropriate to express their emotions, not believe in others, difficult to establish close relationship with others.(5) When evaluate the influence, some respondents believe that good communication may partially compensate for the negative influence of their left-behind experience., but they still hope that will not happen again, the tragedy they had, not repeat again.Conclusions1. The mental health status of college students with left-behind experiences are worse then no left-behind experience college students.2. Research show us that, the college students with left-behind experience, such as self-esteem, family functioning, self-acceptance, subjective support to the community mental health, are the main influence factors of mental health.3. The once left-behind experience lead to the early emotion not be met and finally influent their development of mental health to the college students.4. The once left-behind experience lead college students to be negative to response and finally influent their development of mental health.5. The once left-behind experience lead college students difficult to express their emotion and make affinity with others.6. The real reason to influent once left-behind college students’ mental health is emotional communication but not separation between parents and them.Characteristics of the study1. On the research methods, on the basis of the traditional quantitative research, this study combines the method of qualitative research. And these methods make up the traditional quantitative research limit of surface features but no realize of deep reasons, and make up the disadvantages of no data support in qualitative research, which make it more comprehensive to show the mental health status of once left-behind college students and factors that farther analysis the mechanism.2. On the research content, in domestic, we first use family functioning and survival reason to study the left-behind experience mental health problems of college students, found that once left-behind college students’ family functioning and survival reasons of were worse than no left-behind experience college students.3. In conclusion, we found that the real reason to influent the once left-behind experience college students’ mental health is emotional communication but not separation between parents and them, which reminder us that in our country, a large population of left-behind children, and a long time this condition exist, the prime load to solve this difficult problem is how to solve the problem of left-behind family emotional communication.The limitations of the study1. This study selected the only freshmen in one university as the research object, it was just a small part of the big ice hill, not comprehensive react the whole once left-behind college students’ mental health.2. In qualitative interviews, because of the difficulty of the recruitment of volunteers, all the interviewee were female, though there is no significant difference between male and female once left-behind college students study through two independent sample t-test analysis, but it is hard to avoid not comprehensively to display the result of our research.