Research On The Influencing Factors Of The Elderly’s Subjective Well-being

In recent years, life expectancy of human beings increases rapidly, the speed of the human population aging is accelerating, healthy aging and the improvement of the happiness of the elderly become important research subjects. With the deepening of the global ageing, synthesizing the influence factors of subjective well-being among the elderly at both macro and micro level is very valuable and necessary. In addition, because of the country’s formulation and implementation of policies are not the same in different regions, so the comparison among the subjective well-being of old people from different areas is indispensable. It can not only help the government policymakers lock the service areas accurately, but also promote the old people to share the achievements of the harmonious society better.This paper, on the basis of combing related literature at home and abroad, firstly analysis the influencing factors that affect the elderly’s subjective well-being in theory. Then based on the "Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS)"data and regional data at macro level, establish a Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM) to explore the influence of regional factors and individual factors on the elderly’s subjective well-being separately, and give a more clear and specific explanation of the source of factors that cause the differences of the elderly’s subjective well-being between areas at the same time. The full text is divided into five chapters:The first chapter is introduction. This part introduce the background of the article at first; then state the theoretical significance and practical value of studying the influencing factors of the elderly’s subjective well-being; and finally put forward the research content and innovation of the article.The second chapter is literature review. This part reviews and combings the related literature mainly from three aspects, that is the definition of subjective well-being, the measurement of subjective well-being, and the influencing factors of the elderly’s subjective well-being, then propose the research object of this article.The third chapter is the research hypothesis, method and data. First present the research hypothesis in this paper; then introduce the use of methods and build the elderly’s Hierarchical Linear Modeling of subjective well-being; Finally state the data sources and missing value processing briefly, clarify the research involving variable definitions and measurement methods, and carry on simple descriptive statistics analysis.The fourth chapter is the empirical research on the influencing factors of the elderly’s subjective well-being based on the HLM. This part explores the affecting factors of the elderly’s subjective well-being from two aspects, namely positive well-being and negative well-being. The null model, the regression model based on the mean, the random-effect model and the model based on the slope and intercept are established in turn according to the basic steps of HLM, and the estimates of the influential effects are obtained by screening and testing the influence of factors at macro and micro level on the positive well-being and negative well-being of the elderly. Reasonable evaluation and interpretation is given in accordance with.the results of the model.The fifth chapter is the conclusion and Suggestions. First of all, summarize the conclusion on the basis of empirical study; then propose the relevant policy suggestions according to the process of the study and enlightenment from the conclusions; finally point out the deficiency of this article, and look ahead of the direction of future research.This study found that there are significant differences between provinces among the positive well-being and negative well-being of the elderly. The influence of elderly’s individual characteristics at micro level on the positive well-being and negative well-being also has significant differences between provinces. The influence of factors at micro and macro level on the elderly’s positive well-being and negative well-being are not completely consistent. Self-reported health and timely treatment are the most important factors that influence the subjective well-being of the elderly, which embodies that the importance of health and health care to the elderly’s happiness of life.Innovation points of this article are mainly in the following aspects:at first, considering the multi-layer nested structure of the survey data, HLM is used to explore the influencing factors of the elderly’s subjective well-being, the elderly individual micro characteristics joined the macro regional variables, on the basis of realizing the hierarchical relationship between the variables, the quantitative research, compared with the traditional econometric model, effectively solved the problem of the-.parameter estimation errors; Secondly, on the basis of regional differences among older adults’ subjective well-being, further explore the influence of individual characteristics at micro level on the regional difference of subjective well-being among the elderly; Thirdly, rather than using a single measurement, the subjective well-being of the elderly are classified into positive well-being and negative well-being in order to carry on a more accurate and comprehensive analysis; Finally, the survey data used in the research has better representativeness and higher quality, and the analysis based on large sample can give a more in-depth understanding of the elderly status of subjective well-being.