Studies On The Reproductive Biology Of Lonicera Macranthoides

In this thesis, three flowering-type representative cultivars of Lonicera mucranthoides Hand.-Mazz were used as materials and its some characteristics, such as reproduction structures, floral phenology and its dynamics, breeding systems, pollination mechanism and fruit development process and so on, were studied. Based on the study, the characteristics of reproductive biology in Lonicera macranthoides Hand.-Mazz could be illuminate, and also provide the theoretical basis and technical foundation for improving the medical buds yield and breeding.1. Floral organ structure:The heights of stigma and stamens of the flower type golden flower stage are the largest,62.70 mm and 60.20 mm, respectively, which significantly higher than those of the flower type silver flower stage, white stage and bud type yellow-white stage. But, the heights of stigma and stamens of the middle type are significantly lower than those of the flower type and bud type. The heights of stamens are all lower than the heights of stigma in these three varieties. Anthers of the middle type silver flower stage and white stage are the largest,6.04mm and 5.67mm. respectively, which are significantly longer than those of the bud type yellow-white stage, and anthers of the flower type silver flower stage and white stage are lower than those of the bud type yellow-white stage. The anthers of the middle type silver flower stage and white stage and the bud type yellow-white stage are the widest, and there is no significant difference between these two types, but which are significantly more widen than those of the flower type. Anthers of golden flower stage have already emitted some pollen, and the anthers are wizened. Anthers of the middle type display the septum prominent, and some of them occur to variant during the developing process.2. Flowering habit:before the buds opening, the vexils of these three Lonicera macranthoides Hand.-Mazz are all covered by lips, and the heights of the lips are all a little higher than those of the vexils in all the varieties during the different periods after the measurement. Stigmas of the flower type and the bud type are all going to the top of the buds. The growth of stigmas would be blocked in the flower type white stage and the bud type yellow-white stage, the stigmas would be twined. And there is a distance between stigma and the bud top in the middle type white stage. When the flower type is blossoming, the prolongations of stigma and anthers are standing up to the petals, which cause the cracking on the up of the flower tub. After the filaments and the stigma bend out, it depends on the strength of filaments and stigma to open petals. Before the middle type blossoms, the top of flower tub is hollow, and the anthers and stigma cannot reach to the top of the bud. When it's blossoming, the petals automatically are open and curved, and then anthers and stigma are exposed, meanwhile, filaments and stigma are separated.The flowering phase of Lonicera macranthoides Hand.-Mazz is from the beginning of June to the middle of July. Mark 30 plants of each kind of Lonicera macranthoides Hand.-Mazz. The flowering phase of traditional flower type lasts 39 days, the middle type flowering lasts 19 days, and the bud type is non-flowering. The single flower of traditional type lasts 4-6 days, and the single flower of middle type lasts 3-6 days. The beginning flowering time of these two varieties is within a 10-day interval, and the whole flowering phase of these two varieties is in an interval of 20 days. The flower type is going into the full-blossom stage from about its 11th day blossoming, and 10 days after the full-blossom stage, it's going into the last phrase of flowering; the middle type is going into the full-blossom stage after 3 days of the first flower, and 3 days later, it's going into the end of flowering. The flowering periods and concentrations of these two kinds of types have a big difference, which mature period of the middle type is more concentrated than that of the flower type, and the middle type has long bud period and short flower period. However, flowers of bud type variety won't open at all.3. Breeding system:the types of flower is concurrent heterogeneous type, and out of the main, self complementary; The types of the middle flower is the cross-pollination type. The types of the bud flower is he cross-pollination type, the pollen may be sterile or self incompatibility. Preliminary observation revealed that there were 15 species of flower visiting insects, the number and frequency of visiting insects were highest in the flowering stage, the species and the number of flowers in the early and late flowering stage were less. There were differences in the frequency and residence time of visiting insects. Flowering flowers with the highest frequency, the highest frequency of pollinators for Hymenoptera, bees are the most effective pollinators. In addition, wind is also an important medium.4. Fruit development and physiology:The vertical diameter of the fruits development in large flower-like honeysuckle flower is ahead of the transverse diameter in it. Corollas drop off after 3 days of flowering. After that calyxes fade away till to the full degeneration lasting about 10 days, and the fruits turn into the growth development stage at the same time. The morphological development of the fruits includes intumescent period (from the beginning of flowering to 50 days), filling period (from the 50th day to the 80th day of flowering), mature period (from the 80th to the 100th day of flowering), and falling off period (after 100 days of flowering). The fruits begin to dehydration and wither to fall off. Vertical diameters of the fruits are bigger than transverse diameters of fruits in the whole growing period, and the fruits color is green at the beginning, then it turns into purple little by little until the dark purple. The surfaces of fruits are covered with a layer of white powder in the whole growth period.The changes of the soluble protein in the fruits trend to rise and then down; the contents of soluble sugar in the fruits trend to increase and then decrease, after that rise to the end; the contents of starch in the fruits trend to decrease and then increase, after that go down to the end. And the time nodes are all around the 40th day and the 80th day, which illustrates that this period is a very important phrase for the fruits mature of large flower-like honeysuckle flower.