Comparison Of Habitat Use Between Red-crowned Crane And White-naped Crane In Songnen Plain

Comparison analysis of habitat use between Red-crown and White-naped crane during the spring and autumn migratory seasons,and breeding seasons(only 2014 to 2016)in different nature reserve of Songnen plain namely Zhalong nature reserve,Tumuji nature reserve,Xianghai nature reserve,Momoge nature reserve,Wuyuerhe nature reserve and Longjiang Halahai nature reserve was studied in 2014 to 2017 by line transect method,point observation method,continuous observation method,synchronous observation method and SPSS 22.0,JMP 10.0,Map source,Google earth(Global Mapper),Arcview and so on.The results show that:(1)Migration period in Spring,separation phenomena exist in the aspects of spatial distribution,habitat type and selection of environmental factors between Red-crowned Crane and White-naped Crane.In the aspect of spatial distribution,the two cranes are separated and coincided in the same field.In the aspect of habitat type,Red-crowned Crane prefers marsh land while White-naped Crane prefers farmland.They have significant differences in the selection of factors such as areas where they have frequent activity,the area of the drain,the residual reed area and the height of reed,and White-naped Crane likes to choose larger and far away areas.(2)Nesting period,they have similarities and differences in the characteristics of nesting,nest habitat type and environmental factors of nest;there are significant differences in the characteristics of nesting,the inner diameter and outer diameter of the red-crowned crane nest are longer than that of White-naped Crane.Both of them prefer to choose marsh land in terms of nest habitat type.In terms of the utilization of nest habitat environment,they have significant differences in the selection of environmental factors,such as the height,coverage,density of plants,distances between frequent man-made activities,the distance and area of burned field and residual reed area and water area.Both of them have six factors for selection.Red-crowned Crane emphasizes fire,places for hiding,disturbance,hatch condition,nest material and food.While White-naped Crane.Focuses on nest material,precautionary ways,food,incubation temperature,places for hiding and incubation humidity.As the further analysis shows,they have the same choice of the environment of their nests,all shown in the factors of incubation(the incubation condition and nest material of Redcrowned Crane,the nest material and incubation temperature and humidity of White-naped Crane),in the disturbance factors(the fire factor,hidden places and disturbance factor of Red-crowned Crane,the alarm factor and hidden places of White-naped Crane)and the energy factor.However,in terms of disturbance and incubation,they have differences in the importance and order of selecting habitat.(3)Migration period in Autumn,Red-crowned Crane and White-naped Crane have significant differences in the selection of spatial distribution,habitat type and selection of environmental factor.In the aspect of spatial distribution,the habitation space of White-naped Crane is larger than that of Red-crowned Crane,White-naped Crane prefers dispersed distribution while Red-crowned Crane likes to live together.They all live in the same domain.In the aspect of habitat type,White-naped Crane prefers the shallow water area dominated by reed marsh shallow water and the edge interlaced area of reed marsh habitat(100%),but Redcrowned Crane can choose water-free area dominated by farmland or meadow.In the aspect of environmental factors of habitat,there are significant differences.Redcrowned Crane emphasizes food resources,strong disturbance factor,weak disturbance factor and hidden places factor,while White-naped Crane focuses on strong disturbance factor,food resources and weak disturbance factor.What's more,they have distinct differences in the selection and utilization of distance of embankment and farmland.As the further analysis shows,both of them have the same factors to choose habitat(like disturbance factor and food factor),but the importance and order of their choices are different.As the comprehensive analysis shows,in Songnen Plain,there are some obvious differences between Red-crowned Crane and White-naped Crane in the utilization of habitat during the living stages of migration period in Spring,nesting period and migration period in Autumn.Based on the analysis results,the management suggestions for Red-crowned Cranes and White-naped Cranes and their habitat resources are put forward.