Research On Deep Ecological Thought Of Arne Naess

The current environmental problems in China are very serious, such as air and water pollution, garbage disposal problem, land desertification and sand problem, soil erosion, drought and flood, biodiversity damage problem, WTO and environmental problems, the three gorges reservoir and persistence organic matter pollution and so on, therefor many of the environmental movements come up one after another, but every one of them failed to drastically succeed. The deep ecology of Arne Naess belongs to one of the severe environmental problems in the modern society. That self-fulfilling principle, ecological centralism equality principle and the deep asking way of deep ecology provides a new perspective for the solution of the environmental problems in China. As for shallow ecological protection movement ultimately failed to succeed, and constantly people questioned the environment problems in deep. Unlike shallow environmental campaign focused only on the surface form, deep ecology dug deeper into the real reasons behind environmental crisis and expected to find out the real reasons of the environmental problems by asking deep, and fundamentally solved the increasingly serious ecological problems in our country.In 1973, the Norwegian philosopher Arne Naess officially put forward the concept of “deep ecology”, and constructed the theoretical basis of philosophy of deep ecology what is called the ecological wisdom, and which opened the prelude of the deep ecology movement. Deep ecology theory system is mainly established by Naess,nor without other scholars hardworking such as George and Devall,.American scholar George Session and Bill Devall published the book, Deep Ecology: Living as if Nature Mattered and comprehensively expounded the basic theory of deep ecology, marked the formation of deep ecology theory in 1985.Deep ecology, with the help of the scholars George and Devall,gradually becomes a major genre of radical environmental movement.The theoretical system of deep ecology is firstly discussed, which solves the question of what it is.Deep ecology theory system includes two basic principles, eight action, normative conclusion and “fact” hypothesis as well as specific rules. The methodology of deep ecology is “ecological holism”,” deep questions” and “the intuitive approach”. This paper, with the help of Ecology T,discusses the two basic principles, which are self-fulfilling principle and ecological centralism equality principle, at the same time analysis eight actions, normative conclusion and “fact” hypothesis as well as specific rules by using the “apron figure”. The paper first elaborates the relationship of the humans and nature with deep ecology view. This paper must understand several relations before responding the relationship between human beings and nature, namely the relationship between survival and life, humanity and brutish nature. Deep ecology, in the relationship with human and nature, is a kind of ecological holism of values, against the separation of dualism between man and nature, criticizing the dominant mechanism values and human-center values since the 17 th century. Naess pursuits the harmony between human and nature, because everyone’s self-fulfillment depends on the degree of identity to others self-fulfillment. The higher the degree of identity is for others, the fuller its self-realization is.This chapter mainly describes the theory origins of Naess deep ecology. Any idea is not an idea suddenly flashed, and there must be "hot bed" of its production. That what is not a kind of invention but a discover, is Ecological centralism overall view and Ecological center socialist equality, that not only objectively exists in the ecosystem, but also exists in human culture. Deep ecology theory integrates eastern and western traditional philosophy as a whole, not only inherits the eastern essence of Taoism and Buddhism, Gandhi, but also absorbs western Christianity, Spinoza, naturalism, environment protection and transcendentalist thoughts. In addition, deep ecology thought also contacts with other environmental theories such as “shallow ecology” and the radical environmentalism.This paper solves the problem of why it is, namely it studies the cause of deep ecology from three aspects: the world view about relationship between man and nature, the personal growth factors and social environmental movements. In terms of world view evolution, modern western environmental philosophy is based on the mechanistic worldview of dualism and reductionist, namely, and treats the world with the isolated, static and one-sided view. Descartes points out that the world is a lifeless machine, and tried to explain all natural and social phenomenon with mechanics law, regarded the different process and phenomena as a mechanical part. Deep ecology, unlike the shallow ecology uphold human socialist values, analysis the environmental problems with the method of deep questions, explores the roots awareness of the environment problem, tries to find out fundamental reasons of frequent environmental issues, and then solves environmental problems with the right way. Deep ecology blamed the crisis of contemporary environmental issues with dualism, reductionist and self-interested manner of the western cultural tradition of nature, and rejected the Descartes’ mechanical materialism and anthropomorphism of modern mainstream philosophy, but insisted a kind of monism values of holism. The modern western environmental philosophy depends on and develops the understanding of the natural value with the theoretical debates of the Shallow Environmentalism, Animal Rights Theory, the Biological Splitting Center and Ecological Center. The deep ecology belongs to Ecological Center and admits the nature’s intrinsic value, external value and ecological value and so on.In terms of whole social environment background, his ideas surely relates with his social surroundings and his received education. Norway, where the most areas is wilderness area, has the cultural and historical background in protecting ecology and nature, which other countries cannot reach. The modern worldwide environmental crisis caused by industrialization and the global spread of the environmental movement motivates the continuous development of the environmental movement and the thought of Norway. The foundation of deep ecology is not only closely related to the whole social environment at that time, but also related the frequent environmental crisis that has brought the huge impact to human being.At last,deep ecology is criticized by the many parties, including anthropologist criticism and radical environmentalism criticism.The chapter describes deep ecology’s overall theory value and practice value, which is ontology and methodology value of deep ecology; then in this paper, the deep ecology brings us practical value for ecological civilization construction in our country: helpful for the purification function, improve function and coordination function of the ecological civilization in our country, beneficial to the development of the deep ecology consciousness in our country, helpful to set up the correct view of pollution.