| Zizyphus jujube cv. Huizao is one of the main cultivars in Akasu, is also the dominant cultivars of jujube industry development in Xinjiang. Huizao is rich in a variety of trace elements and polysaccharide, flavonoids, triterpenoids, polyphenols. Huizao has various potential biological activities such as immunological, antioxidant and anti-aging. Immune function is one of the important functions of jujube; the composition of immune function is needed to be further in-depth study from jujube. In the current work, we extracted and separated four kinds of biological ingredients(polysaccharides, flavonoids, triterpenoids and polyphenols) from Zizyphus jujube cv. Huizao which as raw material, immune factor, immune interactions and polysaccharide purification technology, polysaccharide components and immune characteristics was investigated. The main results were as follows:1. The polysaccharides were extracted from the Huizao by the method of hot-water extraction technology. The extraction conditions were solid-liquid ratio of 1:30, extraction temperature of 70 °C and extraction time of 6 h. Under these conditions, the experimental yield of polysaccharides was(7.955 ± 0.049)%.The flavonoids were extracted by the method of ultrasonic extraction technology. The extraction conditions were solid-liquid ratio of 1:10, ethanol concentration of 60%, and ultrasonic power of 400 W, extraction time of 30 min and extraction temperature of 60 °C. Under these conditions, the experimental yield of flavonoids was(0.379 ± 0.004)%. Due to the lower yield, AB-8 macroporous adsorption resin was used to concentrate the flavonoids. It was absorbed 210 min on column, eluted with 75% ethanol and collected the elution.The triterpenoids were extracted by the method of ultrasonic extraction technology. The extraction conditions were solid-liquid ratio of 1:25, ethanol concentration of 60%, and ultrasonic power of 300 W, extraction time of 20 min and extraction temperature of 70 °C. Under these conditions, the experimental yield of triterpenoids was(5.81 ± 0.021)%.The polyphenols were extracted by the method of ultrasonic extraction technology. The extraction conditions were solid-liquid ratio of 1:25, ethanol concentration of 80%, and ultrasonic power of 400 W, extraction time of 15 min and extraction temperature of 50 °C. Under these conditions, the experimental yield of polyphenols was(22.13 ± 0.228)%.2. The results of spleen cell proliferation test and abdominal macrophage proliferation test showed that: the polysaccharides, polyphenols and triterpenoids could promoted the effect of proliferation of lymphocyte and abdominal macrophage in mice, so preliminary regarded that polysaccharides, polyphenols and triterpenoids are the immune factors in Huizao. The promotion of polysaccharides is higher than others, so the polysaccharide is the main factor.3. The results of mice experiment showed that the polysaccharide, polyphenols and triterpenoids could significantly improve immune organ index, half of hemolysin HC50 and phagocytic index, could inhibited foot plantar swelling degree, could enhance the function of cellular immunity, humoral immunity and nonspecific immunity in mice; Through the analysis we get that polysaccharide and polyphenols had synergy immune effect, polysaccharide and triterpenoids had antagonism immune function.4. HPGPC analysis revealed that the average molecular weight(Mw) of HP1 and HP2 were 6.87×104 Da and 1.11×105 Da. The results of GC showed that monosaccharide compositions of HP1 contained rhamnose, arabinose, mannose, glucose and galactose with molar ratio of 1.00:2.43:3.01:7.28:7.11; and HP2 contained rhamnose, arabinose, mannose, glucose and galactose with molar ratio of 1.00:3.28:1.89:0.48:2.28.5. HP1 and HP2 could significantly improved the index of immune organs and phagocytic in mice, enhanced the delayed-type hypersensitivity in mice, promoted the formation of hemolysin, and enhance the body’s specific and nonspecific immune function. The immunological activities of HP2 is super than HP1. |
PDF Full Text Request