Temporal And Spatial Changes Of Ecosystem Service And Tradeoff Analysis In Desertification Area Of Northern Shanxi

Desertification is a serious environmental issue in northern Shanxi and it is a direct threat to the local ecosystem balance.Natural factors and human activities affected the ecosystem structure and functions,and directly affected providing capabilities of the ecosystem services,in turn,it leads to deterioration of ecological balance and the ecological environment in northern Shanxi.Therefore,it is necessary to analyze the ecosystem services.The article takes ecosystem services of the desertification area in northern Shanxi as the research object.We collected the related meteorological data,DEM data,soil data,vegetation and remote sensing image.Using the ENVI4.2,arcgis 10.0 and SPSS to select and analyze soil conservation,net primary production(NPP),the yield of water,dust detention and food production as indicators of ecosystem services in the study area in 1999,2009 and 2014.Subsequently,the five services were quantified assessment,the temporal and spatial factors of the ecosystem service patterns and spatial and temporal dynamic changes were analyzed.At the end of this part,the tradeoff and synergy effects of different ecosystem services were analyzed.(1)From 1999 to 2014,soil conservation service increased and then decreased,an overall slightly increase increasing tendency.The soil conservation services which were reduced were mainly in the northeast and southeast of the study area,and increased in the southwest and north central regions.(2)From 1999 to 2014,water yield services gradually increased,even after the last five years accelerated in growth compared to the previous ten years.Overall water yield service in the study area has increased,which was distributed in the southwest and north,e.g.,for example,Youyu,Xinrong,Datong and Zuoyun.(3)From 1999 to 2014,NPP service in the study area in ten years ago was based on spatial changes and after five years it is based on the spatial and temporal changes and NPP shows an overall increasing trend of faster growth.In the west it increase more,while in the east is an increases and decreases,and increasing area is larger than the reduction.(4)From 1999 to 2014,the dust retention service in the study area during the study period is gradually reduced,and spatial distribution is irregular.The dust retention services are increased in Tianzhen,Daiian and Hequ and a small part of the area in Yanggao,Wuzhai and so on.(5)From 1999 to 2014,in the study area,grain production showed a gradually-increasing trend and the increase is larger.The northern desertification area in Yanggao,Wuzhai of Shanxi,the food production service every year had an obvious growth trend,and in Youyu,Pinglu,Zuoyun,and on behalf of Fanshi,increased less.(6)Ecosystem services in the study area have complex relationships with each other.Soil conservation service,the yield of water and NPP services exist in a significant positive correlation and they showed a synergistic relationship.Food production and the yield of water service showed a significant negative correlation,namely the trade-off relationship.A cooperative relationship suggests that if we improving a service,it can play a role in improving the status of the whole ecological environment,and then we can realize the sustainable development of the region.In the research area,it is necessary to study how to protect and restore ecosystem services,especially when human interference and stress have seriously affected the ecosystem balance in the region,which has caused the ecosystem destruction and degradation.So we should strengthen the dynamic monitoring of the ecological environment in the study area,and understand the impact of human activities on ecosystem services.The restoration and reconstruction of the ecosystem services in Northern Shanxi and even all the desertification areas has important significance on ecological environment improvement and ecological system management.