| The haze pollution,a kind of activity that may last for several days,mainly based on fine particles has happened in China's urban in recent years,which are increasingly affecting the lives of residents and has given rise to the government and society from all walks of life.The fine particles with toxic and harmful substances have a significant side effect on the respiratory system,blood circulatory system,heart system and nervous system.Therefore,it is very important to take effective measures to reduce the amount of fine particles indoor and outdoor exposed to the human body.According to the annual average concentration of fine particles monitoring data in the residential area in Zhuzhou for the past 3 years,the concentration is 303?g/ m higher than the national annual standard limit?353?g/ m?,and the 24-h average concentration is up to 2003?g/ m during the period of heavy pollution.So,the situation of fine particles in Zhuzhou is not optimistic.And if the project of spatial and temporal distribution charactersidtics and source apportionment of fine particles in residential area in Zhuzhou has been carried out,it will help us to further know the level of fine particles concentration and provides scientific basis for the management and control of fine particles pollution to the environmental protection department in Zhuzhou that.Based on the statistical analysis of the seven environmental monitoring stations' fine particles measuring data in Zhuzhou,and the spatial and temporal distribution of PM2.5 was further researched by the spatial interpolation method.The fine particles filter samples was collected in the autumn and winter of 2016 in Zhuzhou,and inorganic metal elements and water-soluble ion concentrations of fine particles was detected and analyzed by the equipment of ICP-MS and HPIC,respectively.Then,the principal component analysis and the positive matrix factor source apportionment method was used to determine the source and its contribution of fine particles.And the cause of heavy pollution formation was been considered with the meteorological parameters.The main conclusions are as follows:The annual average concentration from 2014 to 2016 of fine particles in the residential area of Zhuzhou were 72±463?g/ m ?54±373?g/ m and 63±323?g/ m,respectively.Especially the value in 2016 was higher than in 2015,mainly due to the increase of fine particles' concentration in spring and autumn.Zhuzhou's seasons was divided according to the isothermal method of the meteorology,and the quarter average concentration of fine particles was 'one top and three bottoms' that the quarter average concentration of fine particles in winter was the highest,while in spring,summer and autumn was lower.The value of the monthly average concentration of fine particles in all Zhuzhou monitoring stations in January or December was the maximum and in June or July was the minimum.The characteristics of daily average of fine particles showed 'two tops and bottoms',and the top occurred at 9:00 11:00 and 20:00 23:00,and the bottoms appeared at6:008:00 and 14:0016:00.The quarter average concentration of fine particles in Huoche station,Shijiance station,Zhuye Station and Tiantai station was relatively higher among the all stations.The result was consistent with the spatial interpolation analysis,and it showed the serious area in Zhuzhou of fine particles pollution over the year was the northwestern part and the center.So,the man-made industrial sources and traffic pollution source has a relatively large influence on its surrounding area.The major elements with higher mass concentration of fine particles in residential area was Fe?K?Ba and Zn,and their level was above 13?g/ m.The mass concentration of Ni,Ni?V?Pb?As?Ba?Mg and K in winter were higher than in autumn.The level of metal elements was related to the contribution from the major industrial sources such as local smelting,chemical industry and building materials.The overall level of water soluble anion(NO3-andSO42-)in the fine particles were 9.68±5.833?g/ mand 18.02±8.083?g/ m,respectively.The value of[NO3-]/[SO42-] in autumn and winter were 0.54 and 0.61,respectively,and it showed that after entering the winter in Zhuzhou,the sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides emitted by mobile sources contribute more to the fine particles in the urban environment.The source apportionment in residential area of Zhuzhou showed that six pollution sources were industrial dust?33.6%?,motor vehicle emission source?30.5%?,fossil fuel combustion sources?19.6%?,geology?5.7%?dust and biomass burning source?5.5%?,mixed source?5%?.And the result can provide scientific basis and reference for local fine particle pollution control in Zhuzhou.The serious haze pollution with higher mass concentration of fine particlesoccurred from December 31,2016 to January 6,2017,mainly caused by the stable atmosphere,the growth of second sulfate,nitrate fine particles and the accumulation of local fine particles from the vehicle exhaust. |
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