Separation And Exploitation Of Bioactive Components From Flammulina Velutipes

Flammulina Velutipes,which is a saprophytic fungus of the Genus Collybia of Tricholomataceae,has a high ornamental,edible and medicinal value.It is now one of the most important edible fungi in China.Currently,most companies use fresh Flammulina Velutipes as the main sales channel.Yet they’re troubled by some problems such as singleness of product,difficulties of saving and transportation.At the same time,it will produce about 2% of the unqualified mushrooms in the production process,most of which are directly disposed untreated,resulting in significant waste and environmental problems.The further processing and utilization of these mushrooms by-products and diversifying products become major problems.This study used the polysaccharides and amino acids,extracted and isolated form flammulina velutipes and its by-products after analyzing their chemical composition and content,to develop a series of skin care products such as moisturizing liquid and gel sleep mask,in the hope of deep developing flammulina velutipes resources.The main results are as follows:1.System pre-test results of chemical composition found that flammulina velutipes contains amino acids,proteins,soluble sugars,polyphenols,triterpenoid saponins,organic acids,flavonoids,oil and other components;does not contain alkaloids,cardiac glycosides,anthraquinone,volatile oil and other ingredients.2.Component content of whole plant flammulina velutipes in descending order are soluble sugars,amino acids,proteins,polyphenols,and saponins.The content of chemical components had large differences in different parts of flammulina velutipes.The soluble sugar,protein,and amino acid were the highest in the cap,followed by the stipe.Bran of flammulina velutipes also contains various nutrients,among which the content of triterpenoid saponins and polyphenols were higher than those in the cap and stipe.They can be reprocessed to reduce the waste of resources.3.This study investigated the effect of ethanol-ammonium sulfate aqueous two phase system in the extraction and purification of polysaccharides from flammulina velutipes according to the principle of aqueous two phase extraction.The experimental binodal date of this system was correlated,and the formula was as follow: y=-5.83-64.76×0.95 x,R2=0.9991.The effect of tie line length(TLL),concentrations of ethanol and ammonium sulfate on the extraction yield of polysaccharides from flammulina velutipes was studied.The results showed the partition coefficient in lower phase and extraction yield of polysaccharides were 10.57 and 92.24%,respectively,using a system consisting of 24% ethanol and 21%(NH4)2SO4(forming a TLL of 47.36).This method can be used for the isolation and purification of polysaccharides from flammulina velutipes simply and efficiently.4.This study isolated amino acid from flammulina velutipes by ion exchange column chromatography,and the conditions of separation and purification of amino acids of Flammulina velutipes by 732 cation exchange resin were discussed.The optimal conditions were as follows: the amount of amino acid extract and resin exchange was 1:10,the sample was adsorbed for 10 min,eluted with 3% ammonia,the flow rate was 10 mL / min.In this condition,the amino acid elution rate was 91.32%.The decolorization conditions of amino acids were as follows: 80% ethanol was used as decolorization solvent and was shaked for 20 min.After centrifugation,the supernatant was concentrated and dried under reduced pressure to obtain the amino acid of flammulina velutipes,which the purity was 84.54%.5.This study developed flammulina velutipes moisturizing liquid with the polysaccharides isolated from flammulina velutipes.The formula mainly contains flammulina velutipes polysaccharide,glycerol,1,2-propylene glycol,sodium hyaluronate(hyaluronic acid),D-panthenol,trehalose,citric acid,nicotinamide,carbomer,and sodium sorbate.The moisturizing effect and moisturizing time were significantly higher than 6% glycerol-water solution.The moisturizing liquid we developed was yellow,transparent liquid,odorless,good heat and cold resistance,in line with cosmetics national industry standards,and has a high efficiency and lasting deep moisturizing,fining skin effect.6.This study developed flammulina velutipes gel sleep mask with the amino acid isolated from flammulina velutipes.Its formula contains flammulina amino acid,carbomer 940,triethanolamine,glycerol,1,2-propylene glycol,nicotinamide,citric acid,trehalose,and sodium sorbate.The gel sleep mask we developed is semi-solid gel with light yellow transparent character,evenly dispersed components,light smell,good stability,and has moisturizing,anti-aging,meticulous effect for the skin.It had no irritation to the skin,and was natural,environmentally friendly.