Preliminary Study On Molecular Mechanism Of Formaldehyde Metabolism In Petunia Hybrida And Other Plants

Formaldehyde?HCHO?is regarded as one of major pollutants indoors and is classified as a human carcinogen.In general,plants have certain ability to remove formaldehyde and people put flowers indoor to eliminate formaldehyde pollution according to the experience.However,different flowers plants have different ability of absorbing formaldehyde.How to choose plants to remove pollution is unclear.In addition,molecular mechanism of plant metabolism of formaldehyde is not full understanding.In this study,it is established which a rapid analysis method of different plants to formaldehyde metabolism ability.On the other hand,using the expression profile sequencing technology,expression profile of Petunia hybrida has been sequenced,and molecular mechanism of formaldehyde metabolism in Petunia hybrida was discuss.The results are as follows:1.Comparing the capacity in the absorption of formaldehyde for different flower plants using spectrophotometric method,the 16 plants' effects of resistance of formaldehyde are as follows:Sansevieria trifasciata>Aloe>Chlorophytum comosum>Hederanepalensis var.sinensis>Epipremnum aureum>Petunia hybrida Vilm>Vinca major linn>Zebrina pendula Schnizl>Chamaedorea elegans>Alocasia macrorrhiza>Jade plant>Anthurium andraeanum>Rohdea Japonica>Pachira macrocarpa>Asparagus plumosus>Adiantum capillus-veneris L..According to the FALDH?glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase?gene sequences in GenBank?accession number:NM₁23761,XM₄68385 and AB618795?,FALDH gene sequences were amplified from Petunia hybrida,vilm,Hederanepalensis var.sinensis,Chlorophytum comosum,Alocasia macrorrhiza,Adiantum capillus-veneris L.,respectively.Further,according to the FALDH gene conserved sequence in different plants,qRT-PCR primers were designed as FALDH-QP3:5-tggacttggagcagtttgga-3' and FALDH-QP4:5-gccaattattcgtgaagcacc-3'.At the same time,according to the actin gene sequence?GenBank accession number:AP002623.2,U60489.1 and U60497.1?,and primers of control actin gene were designed as CK-P1:5'-cctccaatccagacactgta-3'and CK-P2:5'-ggagaagatctggcatcaca-3.Relative expression FALDH genes in 5 plants were determinated as Chlorophytum comosum>Hedera helix>Petunia hybrida Vilm>Alocasia macrorrhiza>Adiantum capillus-veneris L.The results of the relative expression and spectrophotometric method results are consistent.It is established which a rapid analysis method of different plants to formaldehyde metabolism ability.2.Wild type Petunia plantlets were cultivated in the culture bottle treated with 15 g/L formaldehyde.After formaldehyde stress for 24 h,the expression profile was sequenced.The results showed that activities of 1344 genes were up-regulated and activities of 1516 gene down-regulated among 2860 genes.According to the KEGG pathway classification,11 pathways of amino acid metabolism and 24%of total,6 pathways of photosynthesis and 13%of total,3 pathways of defense and detoxification and 6%of total,2 pathways of signal transduction and 4%,and other pathways?biosynthesis,coenzyme factor and terpenoids synthesis,etc?were determinated.In particular,under formaldehyde stress,activities of glutathione S-transferas,cytochrome P450,disease resistance response protein;lipoxygenase,CoA ligase and other enzymes genes with functions of defense and detoxification have been up-regulated.However,those of chlorophyll a-b binding protein,aquaporin protein,chloroplast protein of photosynthetic system I and II,ribulose phosphate kinase have been down-regulated.According to the result of sequencing,we select the relevant 110 genes and design qRT-PCR primers.At last,results of 98 genes were verified via fluorescence quantitative PCR.3.The transgenic cyp2el plantlets were cultivated in the culture bottle with 15 g/L formaldehyde stress.The expression profile was sequenced after 24 h.The results showed activities of 975 genes were up-regulated and activities of 638 genes down-regulated among 1613 genes.Based on the KEGG pathway classification,12 pathways associated with amino acid and enzyme metabolism and 35%of total,3 pathways associated with photosynthesis and 9%of total,3 pathways associated with defense and detoxification occupy and 9%of total,and other pathways associated with hormone secretion,coenzyme factor,terpenoids were determinated.Besides,under formaldehyde stress,the activities of the phenylalanine ammonia lyase,glutathione S-transferas,cytochrome P450,phosphoglycerate kinase,heat shock protein and other various enzymes with functions of defense and detoxification have been up-regulated.At the same time,activities of glutamine synthetase,acetaldehyde dehydrogenase,s-adenosine methionine decarboxylase,transcription factors,chlorophyll a-b binding protein and other enzymes genes have been down-regulated tendency.This study preliminary explored the molecular mechanism of metabolism formaldehyde in plants,and is helpful to choose ornamental plants to removal formaldehyde.