Preparation And Properties Of High Performance Organic Oil Sorption Materials

With the rapid development of industry,the use of the oil is more and more widely,oil spills caused by transportation,storage and use have caused huge economic loss and environmental pollution.In view of the existing oil sorption materials having such questions: the low oil sorption capacity,the poor oil-water selectivity and the slow oil sorption rate,this research focused on the preparation of excellent oil sorption materials: the modified PU sponge and the electrospinning Polystyrene(PS)/ Polyacrylonitrile(PAN)fibers,having great economic and practical significance.In this paper,the hydrophilic polyurethane sponge was got by soaking method,connectting hydrophobic silane coupling agent with the sponge surface.In order to further improve the oil sorption capacities of PU sponge,the hydrophobic polyurethane sponge was finally obtained with n-Butylacrylate(BA)as monomer,Benzoyl peroxide(BPO)as initiator,Divinylbenzene(DVB)as crosslinking agent,and the oil sorption capacity as well as contact angle was evaluated.The differences of structure between sponges and modified sponges were explained by the FTIR,and the changes of thermal performance were distinctly showed through thermogravimetric analysis.The optimal conditions of surface grafting polymerization were got through the orthogonal experiment: reaction temperature is 80°C,reaction time is 4 h,initiator concentration is 9%,crosslinking agent concentration is 0.5%,weight ratio of BA and PU is 2.The maximum oil sorption capacities of the modified sponges for toluene and carbon tetrachloromethane are 62.4 g/g and 42.4 g/g,water sorption capacity is 5.06 g/g,and the water contact angle is 124.88°.In view of the poor mechanical properties,a mechanically robust and high-capacity oil sorbent was fabricated by electrospinning with Polystyrene(PS)and Polyacrylonitrile(PAN)blend.The influences of processing parameters including PS/PAN,spinning solution concentration,environmental temperature,applied voltage,relative humidity,the inner diameter of metal needle and feed rate on morphology and oil sorption capacity were investigated.The oil sorption capacity for pump oil,peanut oil,diesel,and gasoline vesus time as well as the reusability and buoyancy were investigated.The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)spectroscopy were adopted to characterize the distribution of surface element.All the parameters have an effect on the morphology and sorption capacities,meanwhile,the relative humidity plays important roles in determining fiber surface roughness.It was found that when spinning solution concentration is 18%,environmental temperature is 30°C,applied voltage is 25 kV,relative humidity is 40% and nozzle inner diameter of metal needle is 0.6 mm,a fibrous sorbent with uniform morphology,thinner diameter and the highest sorption capacity was obtained.The maximum sorption capacities of the PS/PAN sorbent for pump oil,peanut oil,diesel,and gasoline are 194.85,131.7,66.75 and 43.38 g/g,respectively.The mechanical tests of the PS/PAN fiber compared with PS fiber were carried out.The sorption kinetic data for four oils could be well described by pseudo-second order rate equation.The sorption equilibrium time for four oils is 56.27,16.24,5.16 and 3.52 min,respectively.The contact angles for water and diesel oil are 144.32° and 0°,respectively,indicating good hydrophobic and lipophilic property.The fiber can be reused for many times by squeezing.In addition,the fiber shows good buoyancy and can be used for oil leakage processing.