| With the rapid development of the economy and the ever-changing technology,the problem of hazardous waste is becoming more and more serious.Hazardous wastes have the characteristics of poison,flammability,reactivity,infection and long-term harm,a wide range of influence,difficult management.Improper disposal of hazardous waste poses a great threat to human health and environmental ecology.Hazardous waste statistics is the basis of hazardous waste management.For a long time,China’s economic development mode is extensive,management and disposal of hazardous wastes is passive.As a political,cultural and economic center in our country,Beijing produces a large amount of hazardous wastes,whose growth is fast and the processing task is heavy.The research and analysis of Beijing hazardous waste treatment and disposal,to understand the characteristics of hazardous waste in Beijing City,to provide more reliable data support for the management of hazardous waste,and limitations of the different statistical methods of hazardous waste in the practical application,to improve hazardous waste statistics system,has important significance.Based on Beijing City hazardous waste environmental statistics,sewage declaration and the transfer of the single data in2012,2013.The distribution,utilization and disposal of hazardous wastes were analyzed under the three systems from different aspects of hazardous waste generation category,region,industry and key source.The following conclusions are drawn:(1)Environmental statistics system: In 2012,there were 331 dangerous wastes in Beijing,accounting for 134,129.59 tons of hazardous wastes(including 223.73 tons of medical waste),of which 44989.74 tons were used for comprehensive utilization,18.97 tons were stored,89130.02 tons were disposed,no dumping amount,and the disposal rate was 99.99%.In 2013,351 hazardous waste units were produced,accounting for 132177.24 tons of hazardous wastes(including 1044.37 tons of medical waste).Among them,57878.47 tons were used for comprehensive utilization,6270.40 tons were stored,68125.69 tons were disposed,no dumping amount,and the disposal rate was 95.33%.Hazardous waste is mainly distributed in Fang Shan,development zone,Tong Zhou and Shun Yi four districts,and the main industries are petrochemical,steel,automobile,energy,electronic technology,waste disposal center and related industries.(2)Transfer linked system: In 2012,there were 804 hazardous waste generating units,generating 302846.12 tons of hazardous wastes.The comprehensive utilization rate was 13800.29 tons,the disposal capacity was 287130.46 tons,the storage capacity was 57.60 tons,the emission was 60.00 tons,and the utilization rate was 99.37%.In 2009,2988 hazardous wastes were produced,accounting for 148919.79 tons of hazardous wastes.Among them,96 enterprises with an annual output of more than 100 tons and 12 enterprises(including 4 centralized medical waste disposal units)of the city’s hazardous wastes collected and handled 148919.79 tons of hazardous waste.Hazardous waste mainly produces industry for waste incineration,environmental protection,petrochemical,electronic technology,automobile,energy,real estate and related industries.(3)Pollution discharge declaration and registration system: In 2012 a total of 804 hazardous waste generating units,produced 302846.12 tons of hazardous waste,The comprehensive utilization rate was 13800.29 tons,the disposal capacity was 287130.46 tons,the storage capacity was 57.60 tons,the emission was 60.00 tons,and the utilization rate was 99.37%.In 2013,there were 746 hazardous waste generating units,generating 280461.26 tons of hazardous wastes,of which 7334.83 tons were comprehensive utilization;271293.74 tons were disposed of;43.58 tons were stored;64,000 tons were discharged.The utilization rate was 99.35%.Hazardous waste is mainly produced by waste incineration plants,hospitals,automobile companies,electronic technology companies and related industries.Comparing the deviation of hazardous waste under different statistical systems,the reason is due to the low yield,concealment and omission of hazardous waste generating units.On the other hand,it is due to the inconsistent statistical range and the imperfect statistical index.The problems in the process of hazardous waste management and disposal are pointed out:(1)the basic data is not detailed;(2)the disposal capacity is insufficient;(3)the supervision and technical support are weak;(4)the environmental risk and pollution are increasingly prominent.Suggestions are put forward:(1)improve the statistical data and methods;(2)speed up the construction of hazardous waste utilization and disposal facilities;(3)strengthen supervision and improve the laws and regulations;(4)speed up the study of new technologies for hazardous waste treatment. |
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