The Influences Of Air Pollution On Public Health

In recent years,China’s economy has undergone tremendous changes:the per capita GDP growth has been obvious,the urbanization process has been accelerating.With the rapid economic development,China’s energy consumption has been showing an increasing trend.Today,China’s various industries,departments need energy.Coal,oil accounted for 80 percent of China’s energy and they are burned to bring serious environmental problems.Environmental pollution,especially air pollution,seriously affect the health of residents.At this stage,the Chinese government has been aware of the seriousness of air pollution and has been making"Air Pollution Control Program".However,controlling air pollution is not overnight,severe air pollution situation still has a profound negative impact on public health in a short period of time.Many domestic and international literatures showed that air pollution damaged the human circulatory system,the respiratory system,the nervous system,and the reproductive system.There are many kinds of air pollutants,including common pollutants:hydrocarbons,nitrogen oxides,sulfides and particulates.Among the many pollutants,we selected PM2.5 as the main pollutant,which is the cause of haze.The PM2.5 concentration is used as an important explanatory variable to characterize the urban air pollution.The annual mortality rate of urban residents is used as an explained variable to characterize the damage caused by air pollution to public health.In addition,we add the actual per capita GDP,the actual per capita medical expenditure and the number of(assistant)physicians as the other of the explanatory variables to the model.This paper includes74 cities covering Beijing,Tianjin,Hebei,Yangtze River Delta,Pearl River Delta and provincial capitals.We use the hierarchical clustering method based on dynamic time warping,the spectral clustering based on improved dynamic time warping and the trend clustering method of time series to divide each city into three categories:mildly polluted cities,moderately polluted cities and heavily polluted cities.Subsequently,in order to eliminate the harm of sulfur dioxide to public health,we use the concentration of sulfur dioxide as a classification index and divide into low concentrations of sulfur dioxide cities and higher cities.We conducted a modeling analysis with a low concentration of sulfur dioxide of city as a sample in every level.After the F test and the Hausman test,the individual fixed effect model for the national sample,the random effect model for mild polluted city and the individual fixed effect for moderate polluted city was established.Due to the sample of severe pollution is less,so it is not studied.Regression of the polluted cities at all levels showed that:For the national representative sample,increasing PM2.5 one percentage points,the public mortality rate will increase by 0.26 percentage points;increasing PM2.5 one percentage points of mild polluted city,the public mortality rate will increase by 0.75 percentage points;increasing PM2.5 one percentage points of moderately polluted city,the public mortality rate will increase by 0.45 percentage points.Actual per capita GDP,actual per capita medical expenditure,and the number of practitioners(assistants)in the population have a complex impact on public mortality.Combined with the modeling results,this paper proposed to accelerate the transformation of the industry,control motor vehicle pollution and deepen the road dust control and other recommendations about economy、medical care,in order to reduce public mortality and improve the living environment of the residents.