| Diabetes mellitus(DM) is one type of metabolic syndromes. It’s characterized by hyperglucemia and can be divided into type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM). T2 DM patients accounts for more than 90% of total diabetic patients. Epidemiological survey showed that the incidence of diabetes in adults was up to 11.6% in China and the total number was up to 114 million in 2013. DM is closely related to genetic factors, age, environment, diet, lack of exercise and so on. It’s generally accepted now that inflammation and oxidative stress play key roles in the pathogenesis of DM. Various factors mentioned above are supposed to induce inflammation and stimulate oxidative stress, both of which contribute to the pathogenesis of DM and its compilications.Algae oil(AO) is extracted from algae and rich in DHA, which is easier to be absorbed compared with DHA from fish oil. It’s reported that AO can strongly eliminate oxidative stress and relieve inflammation. DHA is docosahexaenoic acid, and belongs to ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Till now we have learned the definite anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative mechanism of pure DHA as well as fish oil from hundreds of research programs. However, the hypoglycemic effect of ω-3 PUFA-rich algae oil is rarely reported.The Hypoglycemic Animal Evaluation Model recommended by SFDA was adopted in this study. Firstly, Male Sprague Dawley rats were fed with common diet for one week and then feed with high-fat diet for two weeks, followed by a daily injection of dexamethasone during the next two weeks. Model rats successfully showed severe hyperglycemia and insulin resistance after about 5 weeks. Experimental group rats were orally administered with algae oil daily during this 5-week period. Hypoglycemic effect of algae oil was evaluated at the end of each period.Algae oil significantly decreased fasting blood glucose of the hyperglycemia model rats and significantly improved oral glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance. Algae oil significantly reduced concentration of serum lipids and droped the high-fat diet induced rise of atherosclerosis index. Algae oil significantly reduced the level of pro-inflammatory Th1-type cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α as well as C-reactive Protein(CRP). Algae oil significantly improved the level of anti-inflammatory Th2-type cytokines such as IL-10. Algae oil also improved oxidative stress. It increased the activity of SOD and total glutathione concentration and reduced the concentration of MDA at the same time.Paliurus polysaccharide had no significant effect on fast blood glucose of rats fed with simple high-fat diet. It significantly reduced the atherosclerotic index, MDA concentration during this period as well as TNF-α and CRP concentration. Paliurus polysaccharide improved dyslipidemia, reduced oxidative stress and inflammation levels during high-fat diet. During the period of high-fat diet combined with dexamethasone injection, Paliurus polysaccharide significantly reduced fasting blood glucose, TG, MDA concentration and significantly increased the activity of SOD and GSH concentration. Model rats injected of STZ were fed with high-fat diet for another two weeks and plasma insulin concentration increased significantly.It can be concluded that algae oil showed good hypoglycemic effect for this specific model in this study. Algae oil exhibited significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Algae oil could effectively improve insulin sensitivity and decrase blood glucose, serum lipids. Paliurus polysaccharide could significantly decrease TG and significantly increased plasma insulin.concentration. Paliurus polysaccharide showed protective effects on T2 DM rats at early stage. |
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