| Background and purpose Musculoskeletal Disorders(MSDs)are diseases caused by non-acute causes of muscles,tendons,and peripheral nerve and vascular system.The body sites commonly involved are neck,shoulder,back and low back.MSDs,characterized by pain and activity limitation,are common occupational diseases,which have a high prevalence in all kinds of industries,seriously affect the physical and mental health and the quality of work.The risk factors of MSDs are numerous and complicated.In the past,there were many literatures concerning the MSDs of the neck and low back in automobile industry,but the researches on the MSDs of the shoulder were still rare..This study conducted a large-scale cross-sectional survey among automobile manufacturing workers and a more comprehensive analysis concerning the relationships between shoulder MSDs and their influence factors,in order to find out the risk factors,and provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of the shoulder MSDs.Method A cross-sectional survey was conducted among the on-the-job workers of an automobile company,and 3815 valid questionnaires were finally obtained.These questionnaires were in line with musculoskeletal disorders standard developed by domestic researchers.Data analysis:(1)The prevalence for different worker groups and the total prevalence of shoulder MSDs were firstly calculated;the differences of prevalence between groups were tested using chi-square tests.(2)Univariate logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the value of ORs;The gender,age and length of service were controlled as confounding factors,and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the adjusted OR value of each risk factor.(3)The final multivariate logistic regression model was established under the criterion of P<0.10 for variables entering and removing from the model.Results(1)The one-year prevalence of shoulder MSDs was 42.67%.(2)After controlling gender,age,and length of service,the risk of the population over 30year-old was higher than that of workers under 30 years old(OR=1.4);The risk of women is higher than that of men(OR=2.4).Other risk factors were having a length of service more than 5 years(OR=1.2),lifting heavy objects more than20kgoften(OR=1.2)or very often(OR=1.4),lifting with uncomfortable posture(OR=1.8),repetitive operations within one minute(OR=1.7),trunk repetitive actions(OR=1.7).Often largely bending or turning around,a long time to walk around during working and doing a sudden action has a promotion on the shoulder MSDs;Other risk factors were having uncomfortable posture very frequently(OR=2.3),bad posture accounting for a whole working time(OR=2.3),neck bending forward(OR=2.2),neck torsion(OR=2.1),frequently engaging in sedentary jobs(OR=2.1);Having enough time for rest and being able to decide when to start and end the work were protective factor for shoulder MSDs(OR= 0.6 and 0.8,respectively);dong the same job every day,working in the same workshop,working overtime,staff shortages raised the risk to 1.7,1.2,1.7,1.4 and 1.6 times,respectively.Other risk factors were trouble with reaching things with tools(OR=1.4),posture discomfort so that not with gusto(OR=1.5),sometimes slip soles or fall(OR=1.4),very frequent use of vibrating tools(OR=1.5);Cold or temperature changes will increase the risk of illness to 1.4 times;The prevalence rate of MSDs was higher than that of maintenance workers,and the OR values were 1.9 and 2,respectively.(3)A multi-factor Logistic regression model was established for shoulder MSDs,which indicated that age,sex,frequently uncomfortable posture,long time walk during work,neck bending forward,neck torsion,maintaining the same posture for a long time at work,doing the same work every day,sitting in a long time,bad posture time accounting for the proportion of working time,frequently working overtime,and staff shortages are the main risk factors,having enough time for rest is a protective factor.Conclusions(1)The prevalence of shoulder MSDs was higher among the first line workers in the automobile manufacturing industry.(2)The length of service,age,and gender have positive effects on the occurrence of shoulder MSDs.(3)having enough time for rest,being able to decide when to start and end work were protective factors.(4)Frequently repetitive operations increase the risk of MSDs in the shoulder.(5)The influence of static loads on the shoulder MSDs is relatively large,and the development of health education,the increase of break at work and other methods can reduce the prevalence of shoulder MSDs.(6)The effect of physical loads on the shoulder was not obvious,but the influence of the combined exposure of other risk factors can be enhanced.(7)There are many factors of labor organization and environmental ergonomics.Therefore,the influence of shoulder MSDs should not be ignored.Instead,great importance should be attached to it. |
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