| Background and purposeSchizophrenia is a common mental disorder, mostly occurring in young adults, which shows as complex symptoms, including positive symptoms, negative symptoms and cognitive dysfunction, relating to perception, thinking, feeling, and behavior. Schizophrenia shows high recurrence rate and prolonged course, bringing enormous burden to family and society. With the pathogenesis of schizophrenia still remaining unknown, researchers use a variety of non-invasive imaging techniques to reveal the neuropathological mechanisms to identify changes in brain structure and function of schizophrenia patients in recent years. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI) is a new magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) technology that can detect the conditions and changes of the brain in normal and pathological subjects. Independent component analysis(ICA) can separate and analyze resting-state networks(RSNs) functional connectivity changes as a data processing technique of fMRI. This study aims to identify the RSNs changes of first-episode schizophrenia patients by fMRI. Materials and methodsThe study collected 48 cases of first-episode schizophrenia patients and 40 healthy controls, 3 of schizophrenia patients and 5 of healthy controls were excluded, since that head movement parameters of these subjects exceeded the threshold value. Finally, 45 of first-episode schizophrenia patients and 35 of healthy controls were included. All subjects were scanned by GE Discovery 750 3.0T MR scanner, including 3D SAG scanning and resting-state fMRI scanning. During the scanning of fMRI, participants were informed to keep quiet, eyes closed, not falling asleep, keep body stationary, nor thinking a particular thing. Resting-state fMRI datas were preprocessed by DPARSFA software, including format conversing, excluding time point, time correction, head movement correction, spatial normalization and spatial smoothing. Independent component analysis(ICA) of resting-state fMRI datas were proceeded by GIFT software, during which visually recognizing resting-state networks(RSNs) were proceeded. Differences of the function connection in each RSN between first-episode schizophrenia group and healthy controls group were analyzed by SPM software which was based on Matlab platform, with the significance level of α = 0.05. Results11 RSNs template which generated from first-episode schizophrenia patients and normal controls data were recognized: anterior default network front(aDMN), posterior default network(pDMN), sensorimotor network(SMN), medial visual network(mVN), lateral visual network(lVN), occipital pole visual networks(pVN), auditory network(AN), dorsal attention network(DAN), left frontoparietal network(lFPN), right frontoparietal network(rFPN), central-executive network(CEN). Differences of functional connectivity within each RSN:(1) aDMN: Compared with normal control group, the functional connectivity abnormal brain regions of first-episode schizophrenia within aDMN include: left frontal gyrus increase(t=3.840, P=0.006); right frontal gyrus increase(t=2.514, P=0.008); left medial frontal gyrus decreased(t=-3.270, P=0.001).(2) pDMN: Compared with normal control group, the functional connectivity abnormal brain regions of first-episode schizophrenia within pDMN include: the left precuneus(superior) increase(t=3.780, P=0.000); left / righ posterior cingulate cortex(t=3.380, P=0.001); left precuneus(inferior) increase(t = 3.180, P=0.001); left parietal lobule decrease(t=-3.120, P=0.001).(3)SMN: Compared with normal control group, the functional connectivity abnormal brain regions of first-episode schizophrenia within SMN include: left precentral gyrus increase(t=4.147, P=0.000); left postcentral gyrus increase(t=3.724, P=0.000); right precentral/postcentral gyrus increase(t=4.038, P=0.000).(4) mVN: Compared with normal control group, the functional connectivity abnormal brain regions of first-episode schizophrenia within mVN include: right lingual gyrus increase(t=5.057, P=0.001).(5) lVN: Compared with normal control group, the functional connectivity abnormal brain regions of first-episode schizophrenia within lVN include: right medial temporal gyrus increase(t=3.580, P=0.000).(6)pVN: Compared with normal control group, the functional connectivity abnormal brain regions of first-episode schizophrenia within pVN include: left lingual gyrus increase(t=3.168, P=0.000).(7) AN: Compared with normal control group, the functional connectivity abnormal brain regions of first-episode schizophrenia within AN include: right superior temporal gyrus increase(t=4.300, P=0.000); left transverse temporal gyrus(t=3.580, P=0.000); left inferior parietal lobule decrease(t=4.020, P=0.000)(8) DAN: Compared with normal control group, the functional connectivity abnormal brain regions of first-episode schizophrenia within AN include: left superior parietal lobule increase(t=4.080, P=0.000); right superior parietal lobule(t=3.820, P=0.000).(9) CEN: Compared with normal control group, the functional connectivity abnormal brain regions of first-episode schizophrenia within CEN include: left insula lobe increase(t=4.190, P=0.000); right cingulate gyrus(t=3.584, P=0.000).(10) lFPN: Compared with normal control group, the functional connectivity abnormal brain regions of first-episode schizophrenia within lFPN include: left medial frontal gyrus increase(t=3.070, P=0.001); left angular gyrus increase(t=3.180, P=0.001); left superior frontal gyrus decrease(t=-3.460, P=0.001)(11) rFPN: Compared with normal control group, the functional connectivity abnormal brain regions of first-episode schizophrenia within lFPN include: right superior parietal lobule increase(t=3.490, P=0.000); right superior frontal gyrus decrease(t=-4.160, P=0.000); right suborbital gyrus decrease(t=-3.710, P=0.000). ConclusionsThere are a plurality of RSNs damages of first-episode schizophrenia compared with normal controls, with multiple brain regions functional connectivity abnormalities which include functional connectivity increase and decrease. |
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