| Objective The study was conducted to analysis the prevalence of obesity and overweight in the urban area of Tianjin, and also to investigate the relationships among dietary patterns, obesity, body composition and inflammation-related cytokines in adults through physical examination, serum tests and dietary surveys, which may provide reasonable dietary advice to obese, and provide scientific basis for disease control.Methods The cross-sectional study was carried out from September 2013 to November 2014. A total of 3396 subjects aged 20-80 were recruited while having their health examinations at Health Education and Guidance Center of Heping District in Tianjin, China. Dietary intakes and lifestyle surveys were investigated through face-to-face interviews. Subjects were divided into three groups(control, overweight and obesity group) according to their body mass index(BMI)(<24, 24-28, and ≥28kg/m2). Anthropometric parameters, body composition and inflammation-related cytokines levels among groups were compared by variance, and dietary patterns were derived by using principal component analysis. In addition, the relationships among dietary patterns, obesity, body composition and inflammation-related cytokines were examined using logistic regression or covariance.Results 1. Prevalence of overweight and obesity were high in the urban area of Tianjin. In men, the peak ages were 50-60 years with 48.82% overweight and 21.33% obese; For women, the peak ages were 70-80 years with 28.31% overweight and 9.40% obese. 2. Systolic blood pressure(SBP), diastolic blood pressure(DBP), total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) and fasting plasma glucose(FPG) showed a trend of increasing among three groups,while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) showed a trend of decreasing(P<0.01). Besides,compared with subjects in control group, the subjects in overweight or obesity groups had higher fat mass index(FMI), fat free mass index(FFMI), percent body fat(PBF), visceral fat area(VFA), waist circumference(WC), and waist to hip ratio(Wt HR). In addition, serum tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and leptin(LEP) increased significantly according to three groups in both genders, serum interleukin-6(IL-6), C-reaction protein(CRP) and resistin(RES) increased only in women, whereas serum adiponectin(ADP) decreased in women(P<0.01). 3. Three dietary patterns were extracted by principal component analysis. Factor 1 was defined as vegetable pattern and included high intakes of root vegetables, melon vegetables, fungi and algae, leafy and flowering vegetables, starchy tubers, and fruits. Factor 2, identified as dessert-fast food pattern, which was characterized by high intakes of fast food, convenience foods and desserts, animal offal, ice cream, coffee, and beverages. Factor 3, the meat pattern, was typified by red meat, poultry, eggs, and rice. Our study suggested that vegetable pattern was beneficially related to overweight and obesity, while dessert-fast food pattern and meat pattern were detrimental related to overweight and obesity in men. In women, we also showed that dessert-fast food pattern and meat pattern were risk factors for overweight and obesity respectively. 4. Besides, vegetable pattern was inversely associated with FMI, PBF, VFA, and Wt HR in both genders(P<0.05), whereas meat pattern was positively associated with FMI, PBF, VFA, WC, and Wt HR in women(P<0.05), dessert-fast food pattern was positively associated with FMI, WC, and Wt HR in women, too. 5. Our findings also showed that vegetable pattern scores were inversely associated with serum TNF- α and LEP concentrations, while positively associated with serum ADP level. In addition, dessert-fast food pattern was positively associated with serum LEP concentration. No statistically significant association was found for meat pattern.Conclusion Vegetable pattern is beneficially related to overweight and obesity, while dessert-fast food pattern and meat pattern are detrimental related to them. Besides,vegetable pattern is inversely associated with fat mass, and could suppress inflammatory response to some extent. Whereas dessert-fast food pattern and meat pattern are positively associated with fat mass, and dessert-fast food pattern could increased the serum LEP concentration. Therefore, shifting to plant-based diets are essential for overweight and obese. They should reduce the consumption of energy and fat, control the intake of dessert, fast food, and red meat; Avoid visceral fat accumulation, and keep healthy dietary pattern. |
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