Research On The Academic Thinkings And Inheritance Of Experieince Of Professor Liu Du Zhou In The Diagnosis And Treatment Of Digestive System Diseases

ObjectiveSpleen and Stomach System diseases(as indicated in the tradition Chinese medical terms equivalent of Spleen and stomach)are common diseases.Since the era of HuangDiNaiJing and ShangHanLun,Spleen and Stomach System diseases such as abdominal pain,diarrhea and cholera had been studied throughout the long history of Chinese Medicine.Spleen and Stomach System disease are easily caused by the consumption of unclean food and improper dieting.In order to inherit Professor Liu Duzhou’ s,a ShangHanLun expert,experience in treating the Spleen and Stomach System diseases to benefit the general public,this paper used data mining method of non-statistical partial order structure pattern analysis of formal concept analysis,graph theory and partial ordering theory to summarize recorded treatment cases conducted by Professor Liu Duzhou.This forms the initial establishment of Liu Duzhou expert system of diagnosis and treatment of Spleen and Stomach System diseases.Methods1.Data collection and entry:Collected Liu Duzhou diagnosis and treatment of Spleen and Stomach System diseases in 137 cases.And input to " Expert System Of Professor Liu Duzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnosis And Treatment of Spleen and Stomach System diseases "to achieve standardized storage of outpatient data.The focus of the cases collected is to maintain and highlight the uniqueness of Professor Liu Duzhou’ s expertise in diagnosis and treatment of Spleen and Stomach System diseases.2.Establishment and optimization of formal background:In the theory of formal concept analysis,construction of formal background between objects and attributes is the fundamental way of describing things.According to the differences of research content,this paper considered medical records as object,whereas syndromes,symptoms,main formula,herbal composition as attributes,establishing four formal background.Based on a matrix description,with the greatest coverage of attributes as principle,stratified optimization of formal background was performed.3.Attributes Partial Order Structure Diagram Generation and Non-Statistical Partial Order Patterns Knowledge Discovery Methods:Based on Form concept analysis theory,partial order theory and graph theory,generated attribute partial order structure diagram,and on these 4 bases,the non-statistical bias Sequence Structure Pattern Discovery is formed.4.Clinical experience study:Based on non-statistical partial order structure knowledge discovery method;and from the attribute partial order structure diagram,where a visual representation of the data structure diagram is formed.And from the extraction of the corresponding set of knowledge rules,the multiple angles,multi-levels research on the rules and patterns of Professor Liu Duzhou diagnosis and treatment of the Spleen and Stomach System diseases is established.Results1.Characteristics of Syndromes:Syndromes focus although mainly on the Yangming and Taiyin meridians,they involve the rest of the four meridians at times.Simple cases usually affected only one meridian whereas more complicated cases will involve disorder in two or more meridians.Affected lesions happen mainly on the Spleen and stomach systems.Spleen System function deficiency is usually caused by coldness and weakness.As the Spleen System is responsible of the body fluid main transportation,weakness in the Spleen System will result in wetness diseases and fluid retention in the human body.Spleen and Stomach Systems form the source of Qi and blood generation.The Spleen System is also responsible of the rising of Yang Qi in the body.Weakness in the Spleen System causes the Yang Qi not to rise properly and resulting in a series of Qi performance diseases.Coldness in the Spleen System will impact the digestion of food consumed which causes abdominal distension and abdominal pain accordingly.The Stomach System is susceptible to heatiness known as the Huoxie.The heatiness in the Stomach System will hurt the body fluid and cause symptoms such as fever,thirst,profuse sweating and nose bleeds.The excessive drying up of the body fluid in the Stomach System causes dry feces to clot up in the intestines,resulting bowel gas problems,constipation,stomach pain and other diseases.When heatiness and wetness both affect the Stomach System,Jaundice could happen.The Liver and Gallbladder Systems are closely related with the Spleen and Stomach Systems.The Liver and Gallbladder Systems lesions will transverse and affect the Qi in the Spleen and Stomach Systems.In such cases,treatment must be administrated to the Liver and Gallbladder Systems as well as the Spleen and Stomach Systems.The Spleen and Stomach Systems;and the Kidney System are regarded as acquired-congenital relationship,and they mutually influence each other.At times the failure in Yang syndrome in the Spleen System often requires the Yang in the Kidney System to regenerate it.When the Yin depletion in the Stomach system affected the Yin in the Kidney system,both systems’ Yin must be treated of the disease2.Characterics of Symptoms:For Taiyin syndrome,the features of symptoms are:poor appetite,loose stools,fatigue,abdominal distension,small abdominal pain,pale tongue,slow pulse.For Taiyin with dampness syndrome the features of symptoms are:anorexia,do not want to drink,greasy tongue surface.For Taiyin with water retention syndrome,the features of symptoms aare:dizziness,lower limp edema,tense pulse.For Tayin with sagging Yang Qi,the features of symptoms are:dropping of intestines out of the anus,shortness of breath,pale coloured face,slow and weak pulse.For Taiyin with influence from the Liver system,the features of symptoms are:diarrhea with abdominal distension and abdominal pain,chest fullness,acid reflux,tense pulse.For Taiyin and Shaoyin syndrome,the features of symptoms are:abdominal pain,aversion to cold,preference for warmth,diarrhea,indigestions,edema,weak pulse.For Yangming syndrome,the features of symptoms are:thirst,bad breath,sweating,fever,headache,nose bleeds,yellow urine,red tongue,dry tongue surface,large pulse.For Yangming Intestine syndrome,the features of symptoms are:constipation,dry stool,abdominal distension pain,strong pulse.For Yangming with yin depletion syndromes,the features of symptoms are:dry mouth,cannot eat,flank fullness,red tongue,thin pulse.For Yangming and Shaoyin yin depletion syndromes,the features of symptoms are:gum bleed at the nose,upset,dry mouth,preference of cold drink,urine yellow,red tongue,large pulse.3.Characteristics of the main formula:Yangming Syndrome:Yangming syndrome is divided into Yangming jin syndrome and Yangming Fu syndrome.Yangming Jin syndrome is characterized by stomach heat and losses of body fluid.Yangming Jin syndrome is mainly treated with the Baihu decoction.In cases with there is a combination of heat and dampness,Changshu is added into the Baihu decoction.If the loss of body fluid is very serious,Yiwei decoction is used instead.Yangming heat causes the deficiencies in Qi and Yin,then Zhuyeshigao decoction or Maimengton decoction could be used.When the Yangming heat is being compressed,it can result in stomach discomfort and heart burn.This has to be treated with Zhizhichi decoction.In the case of Yangming heat-damp jaundice,Yinchenhao decoction is used.When there is bloatedness in the stomach under the heart area due to heatiness,Xiexin decoction is used.When there is bloatedness in the stomach due to heatiness in the stomach weakness in the Spleen system,Banxia Xiexin decoction is prescribed.For damp-gas bloatedness,Shengjiang Xiexin decoction is used.In the case of Yangming Fu syndrome,dry feces are found in the intestine,Liu Duzhou used Chengqi decoctions to prevent the further loss of body fluid.When there is a serious deficiency in Yin due to heat and dry feces,the use of Zhenye Chengqi decoction is employed.When the intestinal heat forces into the lungs and causes coughing,Xuanbai Chengqi decoction is used.Taiyin SyndromeFor Taiyin Spleen diarrhea syndrome,Lizhong decoction is selected for treatment.When there is a deficiency in Yang where severe abdominal pain occurred,Fuzhi Jinmi decoction is selected.Weakness in the Spleen system and coupled with the Liver system Qi will cause abdominal pain with diarrhea.When such cases occurred,Tongxie Yaofang decoction is selected For weakness in the Spleen system when water retention occurred,Fuling Daoshui decoction is used.When the swelling is minor,used Shipiying decoction.If the weakness in the Spleen system exhibits mainly as a deficiency in Qi and swelling,then Fangji Huangqi decoction is used.When there is a Spleen deficiency that affected the bladder gasification and caused urinating difficulty,Chunze decoction is used for treatment.When there is weakness in the Spleen system and caused dizziness due to body fluid retention,Zhexie decoction is used.Linggui decoction is prescribed when the body fluid retention affected the Heart system.When the weakness in the Spleen system causes the Yang Qi to lose its rising effect,diarrhea and rectal prolapse can occur.In such cases,Buzhongyiqi decoction is prescribed.When the Yang Qi is sunken and excessive vaginal discharge occurred,Shengyang Yiwei decoction is used.In the case where Yin-heat occurred,Shengyang decoction is used.4 Regular patterns in herbal prescription:For Yangming Jin system syndrome,Shigao is used to treat the heatiness.The ususal amount is 30g of Shigao.In Baihu decoction,Shigao and Zhimu are usually used together.The usual amount of Zhimu used is 10g.Other herbs used in the Yangming Stomach system syndrome are according to the standard prescriptions for general use.In the nourishing Stomach system Yin,as long as there is a severe deficiency in the Yin,the dosage of herbs used also increased accordingly,examples Maitong and Xuansheng could be used upto 30g.For Damp-heat syndrome treatment,the use of Huangqing and Huanglian is about 10 grams which is the conventional dosage.For Yangming Fu syndrome:The dosage of Dahuang used in Yangming Fu syndrome with dry feces or damp-heat is about 5-6g,the amount used by Professor Liu Duzhou is considerably low.And only in cases where the heat of the intestinal dry feces has affected the Brain,the amount of Dahuang would then be increased to 12g.For Taiying Spleen system syndrome:when needed to invigorate the Qi in the Spleen system,the amount of Baizhu and Dangsheng used is about 10g.Only in cases where there is severe water retention due to the weakness in the Spleeen system,will the amount of Baizhu be increased to 30g.When there is sever cases of water retention,the amount of Fuling and Zhexie used is in the region of 24g to 30g.when there is a deficiency in the Spleen system that caused the sunken of Qi,the amount of Huangqi used is 30g.During such situations,the corresponding amount of Shengma,Chaihu,Gegeng used is only 2g to 3g.ConclusionProfessor Liu Duzhou experience of treating spleen and stomach system syndrome:1)Using six meridians syndrome differentiation method as the basic system and merging multiple syndrome differentiation methods in one.if there is no suitable prescription in Shanghanlun,Professor Liu did not rigidly stick to the writings,any would employ the use recent formulae to achieve effective treatment.2)Paying great emphasis to the importance to the overall characteristic of the disease and emphasizing on the concept of unity.3)Prescriptions are often concise and effective.Dosage of herbs used varies according to the symptoms of the disease.4)Professor Liu in his long years of clinical practice,had created a number of effective prescriptions to fill the gaps left by the Jinfang.Using the conceptual analysis of the form,graph theory and partial order theory of the non-statistical partial order structure pattern found in data mining methods,the professor Liu Duzhou valuable clinical experience is systematically preserved and discovered.This is valuable and it contributes significant values in academic research and practical use.