A Preliminary Study Of The Vaginal Flora Transplantation For Treatment Of Bacterial Vaginal Infections

Bacterial Vaginosis(BV)is a kind of gynecological inflammation caused by vaginal microecological environmental disorders,which is often accompanied with different complications such as pelvic inflammatory disease,endometritis and infertility.Studies indicate that Lactobacillus plays an important role in maintaining the stability of the vagina environment.The decreases of vaginal Lactobacillus result in the increases of the p H value in vagina,providing a suitable environment for the growth of Vaginal Gardnerella,Bacteroides and other common pathogens,which further causes the different gynecological inflammations.Until now,the antibiotic is still the first choice for the treatment of gynecological diseases.However,antibiotics often results in further imbalance of vaginal microecology and the antibiotic resistance which causes the recurrence of the gynecological diseases.In view of the sound effects of fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)on regulation of intestinal flora,we first proposed the concept of vaginal microbiota transplantation(VMT).The VMT means to treat the bacterial vaginal infection via transplanting the healthy vaginal flora to the female vagina of patients,and builds a new microbial balance,which can greatly enhance the growth of probiotics and greatly inhibited the proliferation of pathogens.In the present study,bacterial vaginal infection model rats were used in this study,and the therapeutic effect of VMT was evaluated.The results showed that the total number of vaginal flora collected from healthy rats was about 105 CFU/m L,and the number of Lactobacillus was about 104 CFU/m L,which was accounted for 7.8% of the total bacteria.The high-throughput analysis results indicated that 622 operational taxonomic units(OTUs)were obtained with an average of 103 OTUs per sample.Then cluster analysis showed that genes of Aggregatibacter,Bacteroides,Streptobacillus,Fusobacterium,Fusobacterium and Porphyromonas were the dominnat bacteria in vagina,and the Aggregatibacter occupied 48.17%,59.37%,27.06%,48.92%,69.53% and 53.97% in Control stage(C),Modeling stage(M),Model group in treatment stage(M.M),Model group in recovery stage(M.R),Treatment group in treatment stage(T.M)and Treatment group in recovery stage(T.R)groups respectively.In addition,the results of the Venn chart indicated that the pathogens in model group had greatly lowered the microbial diversity in vagina,and VMT could resume the 102 OTUs in model group to 172 OTUs in treatment group,which greatly enhanced its resistance to pathogenic bacteria.Our HE staining results showed that VMT could greatly alleviate the inflammatory response of uterine tissue,and further reduced the endometrial congestion and inflammatory cell infiltration in M.R and T.R.And VMT also could significantly reduce the expressions of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1?,TNF-? and IL-6 at gene level or protein level(p<0.01).In conclusion,the concept of VMT is first proposed and our results indicated that VMT did significantly alleviate the vaginal histopathological changes and slowed down the release of proinflammatory cytokines.In addition,the VMT also can contribute to the dynamic adjustment of vaginal microecological balance.Obviously,our study should provide the basic data and application basis for the development of VMT treatment in bacterial vaginal infections.