Occupational Exposure Assessment Of Two Scenarios

Pesticide is the most important measures to control crop diseases and insect pests,and to ensure high and stable grain yield.However,pesticide is easy to enter the body through the skin and respiratory tract,causing some acute or chronic health problems,such as poisoning,cancer,neurobehavioral changes,liver abnormalities and kidney dysfunctionIt was reported that exposure to pesticides was one of the most important occupational risks among agricultural workers in developing countries.However,basic data on pesticide exposure in developing countries remained scarce,especially the occupational exposure assessment of treated soil application method and protective cultivation spraying.There were few reports on the exposure data of these two widely applied scenarios.The exposure assessment was affected by application scenarios,personnel hygiene,spraying equipment,climate characteristics,pesticide formulation etc.,on-site assessment must be carried out to obtain hazards,providing possible protective measures.Therefore,occupational exposure risk assessment should be conducted.Through the basic data of the two different scenarios,we could know the actual exposure level of operators,and through the research of the exposure route,could also provide the protective measures to reduce exposure and occupational hazards.Occupational exposure assessment of pesticide was conducted to treated soil application method and power knapsack operators using standard whole body dosimetry and air sampling methodologies.The field experiment was carried out in Hebei and Yunnan Province.Treated soil application method was less affected by environmental conditions,and was only carried out in Heibei.The dermal and inhalation level of 16 operators was determined;the greenhouse experiments were carried out in Hebei and Yunnan for 60 operators and pesticide exposure level to three heights of crops after applying.In order to accurately measure the pesticides dose in clothing,bare skin and air,based on literature investigation,validating the method and combining with the protective equipment used by farmers in field,we established the UPLC-MS detection and analysis method for clothianidin in different matrixes and the results were as follows:(1)Detection and analysis method for clothianidin in cotton garments,XAD-2 and hand washing(0.01%Aerosol OT)was established.Samples were extracted with acetone,matrix-matched standard solution external standard.The results showed excellent linearity,accuracy,sensitivity and precision of the method,and the recoveries of cotton cloth and gauze were 86-109%,100-116%,RSD was 2.9-3.6%,3.1-4.5%,respectively;XAD-2 was extracted with acetone,the recoveries were 86%-114%,100-116%,RSD was 2.8-6.2%;hand washing(0.01%Aerosol OT)were extracted with acetonitrile,the recoveries were 103-115%,RSD was 1.2-3.3%.(2)Skin deposition was the main route of exposure for these two scenarios.The total dermal unit exposure of operators during clothianidin treated soil was 51.7 mg/kg,wearing long sleeved shirts and long pants reduced the dermal exposure to 10.62 mg/kg,an approximately 79% reduction.The highest areas of exposure were the hands(36% of total dermal exposure),gloves could reduce exposure by 80%.Inhalation unit exposure was 0.04 mg/kg,negligible compared to dermal exposure.For greenhouse,the total dermal exposure was 598.71 mg/kg,wearing long sleeved shirts and long pants,the dermal exposure was 45.25 mg/kg,reducing exposure by 92%.The leg was the largest exposure area,accounting for 53% of the total dermal exposure,while the inhalation exposure was 0.50 mg/kg,only 0.08% of the total dermal exposure.(3)For the first time,the risk assessment of treated soil application method for soild dosage form and greenhouse for knapsack electric sprayer spraying liquid formulation was carried out by the margin of exposure(MOE),and it is found that under these two scenarios,the risk is controllable under good protection.In particular,the main rout of exposure of the two scenarios,under reasonable protection,could greatly reduce the overall exposure of the pesticides,and improve the occupational safety of the operators.The exposure field including 76 operators could obtain basic exposure data for these two common scenarios and provide efficient protection suggestions for sprayers about the main route of exposure.