| Objectives: In forensic practice,cases such as wound,accidents,traffic accidents and even deaths caused by the loss of self-control and the damage to the body caused by alcohol are increasing year by year.The clinical study found that alcohol can cause electrolyte disorder,especially serum potassium decreased,characterized by weakness and episodic soft paralysis,loss of appetite,abdominal distension,nausea and constipation;severe potassium deficiency can cause paralytic ileus,and even lead to death.We have observed the effect of alcohol on electrolytes,blood glucose,blood lipids,blood coagulation,liver function early stage in our laboratory.The result showed that almost all drinkers have a decreasing tendency of serum potassium.However,the change regularity of alcohol-induced decrease in serum potassium and its mechanism are not clear.This study focus on the phenomenon of alcohol-induced decrease in serum potassium ion,and investigation of the mechanism.The work includes the following contents:(1)To collect human specimens of acute and chronic drinking,and observe the changes of serum potassium ion;(2)To research mechanism underlying serum potassium down,based on rat models of acute and chronic drinking.Methods: 1 To observe the changes of serum biochemicals after acute drinking 1.1 Human sample collection of acute drinking Twenty-two volunteers of acute drinking were recruited.The conditions:(1)Male;(2)Age between 20 and 50 years old;(3)No basic diseases;(4)Without taking the medicines which affect electrolyte level,blood pressure and blood glucose etc.;(5)Signing the informed consent truthfully.1.2 Grouping and methods Volunteers were divided into low dose group and high dose group randomly.10 volunteers in low dose group,which peripheral blood were drawed at 1h after drinking(drinking liquor 56% v/v,100ml);12 volunteers in high dose group,which peripheral blood samples were collected at 1.5h after drinking(drinking liquor 56% v/v,150ml).The multiple data of volunteers before and after drinking,such as blood alcohol concentration,electrolytes,liver function,coagulation function,alcohol dehydrogenase,acetaldehyde dehydrogenase,were tested,in order to investigate the effect of alchole on these targets 2 To observe the change regularity of serum potassium ion in acute and chronic drinking population 2.1 Human sample collection of acute drinking and grouping.5 volunteers of acute drinking were recruited.The conditions:(1)Male;(2)Age between 20 and 30 years old;the other condition as stated above.Because the experimental data were from self-control observation of volunteers,the number of cases could meet the statistical requirements.We tested BAC(Blood alcohol concentration)and SP(Serum potassium)of 5 volunteers before and 0.5 h,1 h,2 h,3 h after drinking(drinking liquor 56% v/v,100ml),to study the change regularity of SP after acute drinking.2.2 Human sample collection of chronic drinking and grouping.60 volunteers of chronic heavy drinking and non drinking or mild drinking were recruited.The conditions:(1)Male;(2)Age between 20 and 50 years old;the other condition as stated above.They were divided into 20-30 years group,30-40 years group,40-50 years group,20 persons each group.In each group,10 persons were chronic heavy drinkers,another 10 persons were no or light drinkers.The SP of these blood samples were tested to know the effect of chronic heavy drinking on SP.2.3 Blood collection: The volunteers rested for 15 minutes,then their blood was colleted from median cubital vein.2.4 Detection: SP was detected by ion selective electrode method.BAC was tested by headspace gas chromatography method.3 Building of acute and chronic drinking rat models and grouping 3.1 Building of acute and chronic drinking rat models and grouping:(1)Control group(n=36): Rats were randomly divided into control group,0.5h,1h,1.5h,2.5h groups,6 rats each group.Blood samples of control group were collected from inner canthus at 0.5 h,1 h,1.5 h,2 h,2.5 h after treatment with distilled water gavage(1.2 ml/100 g).Then,the SP was detected;(2)Acute drinking group(n=30): Rats were randomly divided into 0.5h,1h,1.5h,2 h and 2.5 h groups,6 rats each group.Acute drinking rat model was built by alcohol(56% v/v)gavage(1.2 ml/100 g).Inner canthus blood were collected at 0.5 h,1 h,1.5 h,2 h,2.5 h after alcohol treatment,and the BAC and SP were tested;(3)The sodium potassium ATP enzyme inhibitor group(inhibitor group)(n=18): Rats were randomly divided into 1 h,1.5 h,2 h groups,6 rats each group.Ouabain(60 g/100 g),an sodium potassium ATP enzyme inhibitor,was injected intraperitoneally into rats.Inner canthus blood were collected at 1 h,1.5 h,2 h after ouabain treatment,and the SP was tested;(4)Inhibitor+alcohol group(n=18): Rats were randomly divided into 1h,1.5h,2h groups,6 rats each group.After ouabain treated i.p,the rats were treated with alcohol intragastric administration.Inner canthus blood were collected at 1 h,1.5 h,2 h after alcohol treatment,and the BAC and SP was tested.3.2 Building of chronic drinking rat models and grouping:(1)Chronic drinking group(n=18).Rats were randomly divided into1 w,2 w,4 w groups,6 rats each group.Chronic drinking rat model was built by alcohol gavage(1.2 ml/100 g/d).Inner canthus blood were collected at 12 h after the last alcohol treatment,and the SP were tested;(2)Chronic+acute drinking group(n=18): Rats were randomly divided into1 w,2 w,4 w groups,6 rats each group.Rats were treated with alcohol again at 12 h after the last alcohol administration.Inner canthus blood were collected at 1.5 h after the last alcohol treatment,and the BAC and SP were tested.3.3 Detection: SP was detected by ion selective electrode method.BAC was tested by headspace gas chromatography method.1 The changes of serum biochemicals in acute drinking population: There was no significant difference of serum biochemicals,such as serum sodium,chlorine,calcium,magnesium,phosphorus,liver function,coagulation function,ADH and ALDH,between before and after drinking(P>0.05).But,after drinking,serum potassium was lower than before drinking.2 The effects of drinking on the serum potassium ion concentration in volunteers:(1)The SP at 0.5 h,1h and 2 h after drinking were significantly lower than those before drinking(P<0.05).There was no significant difference of SP between 3 h and before drinking(P>0.05).The Pearson correlation coefficient between BAC and SP at 3 h after drinking was-0.67.(2)There was no significant difference intra-or inter-groups comparison of chronic heavy drinking group and no drinking or mild drinking groups.(P>0.05).3 The effects of drinking on the serum potassium ion concentration in rats:(1)The SP in 0.5h,1 h,1.5 h and 2 h groups were significantly lower than control group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference of SP between 2.5 h group and control group.(P>0.05).The Pearson correlation coefficient between BAC and SP at 2h after drinking was-0.68.(2)The SP in 1 h,1.5 h and 2 h groups after treatment with Oua i.p were significantly higher than control group(P<0.05).(3)The SP of inhibitor combined with alcohol group at 1 h,1.5 h,2 h was significantly higher than acute drinking group,but significantly lower than Oua group.(4)There was no difference of SP in 1 w,2 w and 4 w groups compared with control group(P>0.05).(5)The SP in 1 w,2 w and 4 w groups of chronic drinking reinforce with acute drinking rats were significantly lower than control group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference between acute drinking 1.5 h group and chronic plus acute drinking group.(P>0.05).The findings suggested that the KATP inhibitor reversed alcohol-induced potassium ion decrease.Results:Conclusions: 1 Acute alcohol exposure could induce the transient decreasing of serum potassium concentration.The change was regulated negatively by blood alcohol concentration.However,chronic alcohol exposure had no effect on serum potassium concentration.2 The decrease of serum potassium concentration induced by acute alcohol exposure was related to the internal and external potassium ion transport function. |
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