Quality Evaluation Of Original Herbs Of Polyporus Umbellatus

Taking P.umbellatus as the research object,the article is studying optimization extraction of the effective composition and P.umbellatus medicinal materials quality from different harvest time,different regions,different drying methods,aiming to provide some references for the scientific planting and reasonable processing of P.umbellatus.The results of the study are as follows:The polysaccharide of P.umbellatus was extracted with traditional solvent and the extraction yield was tested with complete randomalized design and orthogonal test method.Investigated by complete randomalized design,the influence of the polysaccharide extraction was studied via different extraction temperature,spans,times and alcohol concentration,and the reasonable orthogonal test factors and levels were confirmed.The best extraction technology is 100 ℃,3 h,3 times,100% ethanol through the test results and analysis of variance(ANOVA).By analysing external traits and internal component content of the wild and cultivated in four different regions,Shanxi Province and the cultivated P.umbellatus with higher ergosterol and polysaccharide are in Baishan,Jilin Province and Lueyang,Shanxi Province.Above all,the quality of P.umbellatus is best in Baishan,Jilin Province,followed by Lantian,Shanxi Province,and the cultivated is better than the wild.Triennial,quadrennial,quinquennial P.umbellatus sclerotiums were collected by 8 partial collection periods,whose growth index(fresh weight,dry weight,diameter,length s,drying rate)and the internal composition content(polysaccharide and ergosterol)were determined and evaluated.The results displayed that fresh weight,dry weight,sclerotium length and diameters had significant difference in different harvest time,dry substances accumulated gradually and drying rate has a inclined "N" type change.Besides,the polysaccharide content is higher from the early July to middle October,and ergosterol content is higher from early July to early September.P.umbellatus dry weight and polysaccharide and ergosterol product content is higher in the end of July to mid-August,To sum up,P.umbellatus harvest time should be from late July to mid August.The P.umbellatus quality of different growth duration has differences,the average dry weight of quinquennial P.umbellatus is 22.25% higher than quadrennial P.umbellatus,which is 101.18% higher than triennial P.umbellatus.At the same time,the content of ergosterol and polysaccharide was significantly higher than triennial P.umbellatus.Therefore,P.umbellatus should be harvested after 4years at the best.Considering the influence of different drying ways and temperature,it is found that there is some difference in external properties and the color of P.umbellatus is black brown and rather deeper.The drying rate is bigger over 40 ℃,which is about 39% ergosterol and polysaccharide content is higher with 0.36% ~ 0.36% after 40 ℃to 50 ℃drying and ergosterol and polysaccharide content is lower when the drying temperature is above 70 ℃.In order to guarantee the ergosterol and polysaccharide content of P.umbellatus,low temperature drying method from 40 ℃ to 50 ℃ should be adopted.