Single-cell Mass Cytometry Reveal Silk Mesh Induced Immune Response In Hernia Repair

As an indispensable part of regenerative medicine,biomaterials have been widely used in joint replacement,hernia repair,drug release and other aspects.Adverse events such as adhesion、chronic inflammation are regularly reported on the clinical use of different surgical mesh products.At present,it is considered that the implantation of the biomaterials not only involves the innate immune response but also involves the adaptive immune response.And the anatomical location of implants also determines the tissue specific immune response.These immune responses determine the process of tissue repair under the guidance of inflammatory signals.However,due to the lack of efficient and accurate research methods,there are few studies on the immune response of materials.Single cell mass cytometry(CYTOF)is a new flow technique which use metal labeled antibodies and mass spectrometry detect signals.Compared with traditional flow cytometry,it can detect hundreds of channels at the same time,and there is no signal interference between channels.In recent years,it has been widely used in cell differentiation,tumor detection,drug screening and many other areas.Recent studies have shown that clinical commonly used Prolene mesh caused a variety of complications,such as chronic inflammation,adhesion,infection,chronic pain,etc.As a bioactive material,silk fibroin has been applied to the repair of many tissues because of its good biocompatibility.Therefore,in this study,we use CYTOF to investigate the immune response induced by silk and Prolene on the mice abdominal hernia model.The results showed that after 3W implantation,silk fibroin group have the similar immune cell activationstate with the sham group,while Prolene group induced increasing number of macrophages,monocytes and Tc lymphocytes,Th lymphocytes and decreased number of B cells;and immune cell activation and migration related markers(CD115,CD62L,CD27)were highly expressed in the prolene group.At the same time,the flow cytometry and immunofluorescence results also showed that neutrophils and macrophages were less aggregated on the surface of silk fibroin.After implantation of 8W,the silk fibroin material has a better repair effect.This study mainly investigates immune response of the implantation of silk fibroin and Prolene on the abdominal hernia model.We found that silk fibroin material induced lower foreign body reaction and have a good effect of hernia repair.And this study will provide ideas for the study on the interaction of biomaterial and immune system in vivo and design of biomaterials which can effectively and uncomplicatedly promote the repair of hernia.