A Study On The Relationship Of Self-management Behavior And Type D Personality Or Perceived Control In Patients With Coronary Heart Disease

BackgroundCoronary Heart Disease(CHD),as the most common chronic disease in developed countries and many developing countries,is the leading cause of death in the world.Many studies have confirmed that CHD is a behavior related disease,which is affected by a variety of risk factors.To mitigate some risk factors and promote rehabilitation,it is highly recommended that CHD patients participate in the management of the disease.However,CHD patients in our country have not paid enough attention to long-term and effective self-management strategies.It has been suggested that psychological factors such as type D personality and perceived control(PC)can influence the behavior of patients,which eventually can affect health status.ObjectivesTo study the current situation of self-management behavior,the distribution of type D personality and the PC of CHD patients;to explored the relationship between self-management behavior,type D personality and PC in CHD patients;and to analyze factors influencing self-management behavior in CHD patients,providing a theoretical basis for further improving the self-management behavior level of CHD patients.MethodsIn a cross-sectional study we recruited 304 CHD patients,who had CHD for more than 3 months and were hospitalized in the Department of Cardiology in a Grade 3A Hospital from October 2016 to August 2017.A survey was conducted with a questionnaire that includes self-designed general information questionnaire,CHD Self-management Scale,Type D Personality Scale-14,and Control Attitudes Scale-Revised.All the data were put into the SPSS21.0 for statistical analysis.The statistical methods included statistical description,t test,single factor analysis of variance,χ~2 test,Pearson correlation analysis and multi-step regression analysis.Results1.Self-Management behavior in patients with CHD.The score of self-management behavior was 69.78±12.08,and the score index was 40.16%.The daily life management dimension was 27.03±4.80;the disease medical management dimension was 32.03±8.04;the emotion management dimension was 10.72±4.64,and the score index was 59.46%,29.56%and 42.00%,respectively.2.Characteristics of type D personality in patients with CHD.According to the evaluation criteria of type D personality,there were 83 cases of type D personality in 304CHD patients in this study,accounting for 27.30%of the samples.3.PC in patients with CHD.The scores of PC was 17.88±5.98.The score of self-efficacy,locus of control and helplessness dimension was 4.81±2.14,7.70±2.94 and5.37±1.83,respectively.4.Correlation between self-management behavior and type D personality in CHD patients.Self-management behavior and each dimension were negatively correlated with the scores of type D personality in patients with CHD,r=-0.389,-0.142,-0.199,-0.521,P<0.05.5.Correlation between self-management behavior and PC in CHD patients.The scores of self-management behavior and disease medicine management,emotional management dimension were positively correlated with PC and scores of each dimension in CHD patients,r=0.115―0.682,P<0.05.There was a positive correlation between daily life management and helplessness dimension score,P<0.05.6.Correlation between type D personality and PC.Type D personality and perception control were negatively correlated in CHD patients,r=-0.452,P<0.01.7.Factors influencing self-management behavior in CHD patients.By single factor analysis,education level,occupation status,living environment,per capita monthly income status,disease diagnosis type,number of PCI,number of complications,and surgical history were factors influencing self-management behavior of CHD patients.Multiple regression analysis indicated that education level,occupation,residence,type D personality and PC were all involved in the regression equation of self-management behavior of CHD patients,accounting for 44.20%of the total variance,P<0.05.Among them,type D personality is a negative predictive factor for self-management behavior of CHD patients.Conclusions1.The level of CHD patients with self-management behavior is still low.Education level,occupation,residence,type D personality and PC are important factors that influence the self-management behavior of CHD patients.2.CHD patients with type D personality have worse self-management behavior.Therefore,it is recommended that nursing staff screen type D personality of CHD patients,so as to initiate personality intervention measures.3.The level of PC needs to be improved in CHD patients.The higher the level of PC,the better self-management behavior.