The Experimental Research About The Effects Of The Different Stimulus Material On Autobiographical Memory Retrieval

Purposes:this paper is designed to explore the effect of different stimulus materials on the extraction of autobiographical memory.From a perspective of cognitive processing,the paper is to analyze which stimulus materials such as the words,Pictures and music is more conducive to extraction of autobiographical memory.Methods:(1)80 full-time undergraduates as study object are randomly selected.SDS scale Chinese version as screening tool is used,According to the questionnaire score,61 people whose total score<50 points as the normal group are selected to participate in the experimental task.(2)2(positive words.negative words)×3(actively music.negative music,no music)two factors completely within-subject is designed in study 1 to examine the characteristics of autobiographical memory caused by different nature of stimulus.Between different nature of words and music,which one is more conducive to evoke the memory?2(positive picture.negative picture)× 3(positive music.negative music.no music)two factors completely within-subject is designed in study 2 to inspect which stimulus material is more conducive to memory retrieval between pictures and music.2(positive words.negative words)× 3(positive music.negative music.no music)× 2(positive images.negative images)three factors completely within-subject is designed in the third experiment to research which factor is more conducive to autobiographical memory retrieval under three different types of stimulation and examine the nature of the memories of the content in the different nature of the stimulus materials.Results:(1)Experimental one.The main effect of vocabulary is significant.The main effect of the music is not significant.Showing selective attention to vocabulary is stronger than the music.On the nature of memories content positive vocabulary and positive music are presented at the same time,the nature of the contents of memories is very positive.Negative words and negative music are presented at the same time;the nature of the contents of memories is very negative.While when the nature of the words and music are presented mixed,the nature of the content of memories is emphasis on the nature of vocabulary.(2)Experiment two.The main effects of pictures and music are both significant.And there is interaction effect in pictures and music.That is to say,effects either of pictures or music as stimulus materials on autobiographical memory extraction are very significant.When the positive pictures and music are presented at the same time,the nature of the content of memories is very positive.While the negative pictures and music are presented at the same time,the nature of the content of memories is very negative.In the case of mixtures of negative pictures and music,the nature of different memories content is presented.(3)Experiment three.The main effect of vocabulary and pictures is very significant.And the music,vocabulary and pictures have a significant interactive effect.It suggests that the three variables have interactive effects,when presented in the forms of different nature.The vocabulary is the first to be concerned and easy to arouse people's autobiographical memory.The main effect of the music is not significant.But because of the interaction existed,the music still plays a role in people's autobiographical memory extraction.Conclusions:Vocabulary,picture and music as stimulation all have effect on evoking autobiographical memory.In the same musical background,vocabularies are more inclined to be chosen after memories evoked by words and pictures.The effect is more obvious when the music,Words and pictures are presented at the same time.The effect of music is not as obvious as others in evoking autobiographical memory.There is interaction effect on autobiographical memory in vocabulary,pictures and music.And the words or pictures with the same nature as music can expand the effect of the extraction of autobiographical memory.When the nature of words and pictures is not agree with music,the nature of memory content is influenced by the meaning of words and pictures.